Young Adult Relationships: Siblings and Friends

An analysis of the sibling relationship in adulthood. Polish adaptation of STQ-Now

“…Women scored significantly higher on the Mutuality scale (M = 3.52, p < 0.01), and men scored higher on the Apathy scale (M = 2.44, p < 0.01) and the Competition scale (M = 2.14, p <0.05). This is consistent with previous studies [6,28,29], which showed a stronger mutual emotional relationship between women and their siblings. At the same time it was also established that, particularly in male-male pairs, the respondents experienced more negative emotions and indicated much lower rates of warmth and intimacy, and were resolving conflicts in a constructive manner more infrequently than mixed or female-female pairs [30].…”

Adolescent perceptions of the importance of teachers as a therapeutic support in coping with their problems

“…For both males and females, friends are the main source of support, which replicates previous findings by Pulakos (1989), and for both, teachers are ranked eighth on the list, slightly below pets. Parents are ranked second, as a source of support, by the girls, but for the males, parental support drops to third place.…”

“…A study by Pulakos (1989), for instance, which looked generally at sources of support, found adolescents more likely to turn to friends, rather than siblings. Doyle (2001), in a study, which examined children's coping behaviour in the face of emotional abuse, found other non abusing family members such as siblings, grandparents, and particularly aunts, were important.…”

Evolution and altruism Combining psychological mediators with naturally selected tendencies

“…The negative correlation between kinship and oneness may be due to differences in qualities of the relationships among siblings and friends. Prior research revealed that undergraduates spent more time with and felt closer to their friends than to their siblings, and felt more differentiation with their siblings than with their friends (Pulakos, 1989). A post hoc analysis of the current data indicated that participants liked and felt more similar to their friends than to their siblings.…”