Young Adult Cancer: Influence of the Obesity Pandemic

Berger, Nathan A.

doi:10.1002/oby.22137

Cited by 94 publications

(73 citation statements)

References 98 publications

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“…This trend has been speculated to rise continuously in the future given the lifelong exposure and with inevitable ageing. Obesity may be associated with higher risks of complications, including diabetes, hypertension, lipid disorders, and cancers in different ages [30 – 33]. A study found age at onset of obesity was negatively associated with risk of diabetes [34].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global, regional and time-trend prevalence of central obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis of 13.2 million subjects

et al. 2020

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We aimed to examine the global prevalences of central obesity according to age, sex, race, place of residence, geographical region, national income level, and the definitions of central obesity. MEDLINE and Embase were searched. Studies with sample size of ≥ 500 and investigated individuals aged ≥ 15 years were included. Metaprop (a Stata command) was adopted to conduct a meta-analysis of prevalence, and the Freeman-Tukey Double Arcsine Transformation was used to stabilize the variances. A random-effects model was used to evaluate the prevalence and 95% confidence intervals (CI) of central obesity. There were 288 studies involving 13,233,675 individuals in this analysis. The overall prevalence of central obesity was 41.5% (95% CI 39.9-43.2%). A higher prevalence was found in older individuals, female subjects, urban residents, Caucasians, and populations of higher income level countries. Regarding regional variations, the highest prevalence was found in Sothern America (55.1%, 95% CI 45.8-64.3%) and Central American (52.9%, 95% CI 32.7-72.7%). Its prevalence was rapidly rising from 1985 to 2014. From 1985-1999 to 2010-2014, younger subjects aged 15-40 years showed a more drastic rise in prevalence (16.3 to 33.9%) than subjects aged > 40 years (43.6 to 57.9%). Male individuals have a more drastic rise (25.3 to 41.6%) than females (38.6 to 49.7%). Major increasing in prevalence of the condition in the past three decades, particularly in certain subgroups. These findings could act as a useful reference to inform public health strategies to minimize the impact of central obesity on population health.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global, regional and time-trend prevalence of central obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis of 13.2 million subjects

et al. 2020

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“…As a consequence, the inclusion of sporadic cancer cases in our cohort is possible. The immediate impact of the inclusion of sporadic cases is the presence of samples without genetic variants, which, at the same time, decrease the mean age of this group [47,48].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Germline Genetic Findings Which May Impact Therapeutic Decisions in Families with a Presumed Predisposition for Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer

Velázquez

Leeneer

Esteban-Cardeñosa

et al. 2020

Cancers

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In this study, we aim to gain insight in the germline mutation spectrum of ATM, BARD1, BRIP1, ERCC4, PALB2, RAD51C and RAD51D in breast and ovarian cancer families from Spain. We have selected 180 index cases in whom a germline mutation in BRCA1 and BRCA2 was previously ruled out. The importance of disease-causing variants in these genes lies in the fact that they may have possible therapeutic implications according to clinical guidelines. All variants were assessed by combined annotation dependent depletion (CADD) for scoring their deleteriousness. In addition, we used the cancer genome interpreter to explore the implications of some variants in drug response. Finally, we compiled and evaluated the family history to assess whether carrying a pathogenic mutation was associated with age at diagnosis, tumour diversity of the pedigree and total number of cancer cases in the family. Eight unequivocal pathogenic mutations were found and another fourteen were prioritized as possible causal variants. Some of these molecular results could contribute to cancer diagnosis, treatment selection and prevention. We found a statistically significant association between tumour diversity in the family and carrying a variant with a high score predicting pathogenicity (p = 0.0003).

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“…The proposed pathophysiological processes related to unfavorable lifestyle factors, e.g., chronic inflammation and insulin resistance, are also established biological mechanisms associated with aging, a known risk factor for cancer development [24]. Moreover, a rising trend within the general population of being overweight appears to parallel a shift to the appearance of cancer at an earlier age [25]; this suggests that obesity and other unfavorable lifestyle factors not only promote tumor growth, but also affect aging and breast cancer onset. Hence, one may hypothesize that lifestyle factors play a role in relation to optimal breast cancer treatment, comorbidity, and breast cancer survival.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring the effects of lifestyle on breast cancer risk, age at diagnosis, and survival: the EBBA-Life study

Lofterød

Frydenberg

Flote

et al. 2020

Breast Cancer Res Treat

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Purpose Whether an unfavorable lifestyle not only affects breast cancer risk, but also influences age at onset of breast cancer and survival, is under debate. Methods In a population-based cohort, the Energy Balance and Breast Cancer Aspects throughout life (EBBA-Life) study, a total of 17,145 women were included. During follow-up, 574 women developed invasive breast cancer. Breast cancer cases were followed for an additional 9.1 years. Detailed medical records were obtained. Cox's proportional hazard regression models were used to study the association between pre-diagnostic lifestyle factors (weight, physical activity, alcohol use, smoking, and hypertension), breast cancer risk, age at diagnosis, and survival. Results At study entry, 34.3% of the participating women were overweight and 30.7% were physically inactive. Mean age at breast cancer diagnosis was 58.0 years, and 78.9% of the tumors were estrogen receptor positive. Among menopausal women who did not use hormone therapy and had an unfavorable lifestyle (3-5 unfavorable factors), compared with women who had a favorable lifestyle, we observed a twofold higher risk for postmenopausal breast cancer (hazard ratio [HR] 2.13, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.23-3.69), and they were 3.4 years younger at diagnosis (64.8 versus 68.2 years, P = 0.032). Breast cancer patients with an unfavorable lifestyle, compared with patients with a favorable lifestyle, had almost a two times higher overall mortality risk (HR 1.96, 95% CI 1.01-3.80). Conclusions Our study supports a healthy lifestyle improving breast cancer prevention, postponing onset of disease, and extending life expectancy among breast cancer patients.

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Young Adult Cancer: Influence of the Obesity Pandemic

Cited by 94 publications

References 98 publications

Global, regional and time-trend prevalence of central obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis of 13.2 million subjects

Global, regional and time-trend prevalence of central obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis of 13.2 million subjects

Germline Genetic Findings Which May Impact Therapeutic Decisions in Families with a Presumed Predisposition for Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer

Exploring the effects of lifestyle on breast cancer risk, age at diagnosis, and survival: the EBBA-Life study

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