You shouldn't feel that way! Extending the emotional victim effect through the mediating role of expectancy violation

Lens, K.M.E.; Doorn, van A.J.; Pemberton, Antony; Bogaerts, Stefan

doi:10.1080/1068316x.2013.777962

Cited by 21 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…No expectancy violation was marked when the participant expected a passive emotion and was presented with the sad VIS or when the participant anticipated an agentic emotion and was presented with the angry VIS. This measure differs from previous explicit measures of expectancy violations such as those applied by Ask and Landström (2010) and Lens et al (2014), who measured the expectancy violation ex-post. The reason for this methodological choice was to prevent the given scenario from influencing the expectations of the respondents.…”

Section: Independent Variablesmentioning

confidence: 86%

“…Nuancing the previous hypotheses, negative reactions toward victims may not always be associated with specific attributes of a victim and/or his or her performance, but rather be caused by a violation of the observer's prior expectations of the victim's performance or attributes (e.g. Ellison & Munro, 2008;Hackett, Day, & Mohr, 2008;Lens, van Doorn, Pemberton, & Bogaerts, 2014). For example, Wrede (2015) demonstrated that a greater overlap between the observer's expectation and the victim's displayed emotion is associated with higher perceived victim credibility.…”

Section: Expectancy Violations and Emotional Displaymentioning

confidence: 88%

“…For example, Wrede (2015) demonstrated that a greater overlap between the observer's expectation and the victim's displayed emotion is associated with higher perceived victim credibility. Similarly, Lens et al (2014) found that in order for a victim to receive sympathetic reactions, the intensity of an emotional response should match the perceived severity of the crime. More precisely, an intense emotional response (a combination of anger, sadness, fear, anxiety, and disgust) of a victim in a low crime severity condition did not reflect observers' expectations about the victims' demeanor, which was associated with character derogation of the victim.…”

Section: Expectancy Violations and Emotional Displaymentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Previous research has consistently measured expectancy violations after the manipulation (Ask & Landström, 2010;Lens et al, 2014) and after dependent variables (Hackett et al, 2008). In these instances, the participants' expectations could easily have been influenced by the manipulated information, or even by their own answers regarding the (other) victim ratings.…”

Section: Expectancy Violations and Emotional Displaymentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Observer reactions to emotional victims of serious crimes: stereotypes and expectancy violations

Bosma

Mulder

Pemberton

et al. 2018

Psychology, Crime & Law

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Negative observer reactions towards victims may be related to people's expectations of the characteristics and demeanor of an ideal victim. We examined how expressed emotion, victim sex, and type of victimization influence observers' perceptions of victim credibility, victim character, and harm. Our hypothesis was that angry victims, male victims, and victims of sexual violence are perceived less positively than sad victims, female victims, and victims of physical violence. Additionally, we anticipated that expectancy violations following expressed agentic/high status, or passive/low-status emotions of the victim would lead to negative reactions. Participants (N = 335) read a written victim impact statement, by a male or female victim of a sexual or physical assault, in which anger or sadness was expressed. The results show that observers generally respond more negatively to male victims than to female victims, and to victims expressing anger rather than sadness. However, a two-way interaction between expressed emotion and type of crime revealed that expressed emotion only significantly influences character derogation and victim credibility in cases of physical violence. Finally, emotion expectancy violations based on ex-ante expectations lead to derogation and diminished credibility. The discussion focuses on how emotion expectancy violations seem intimately tied to stereotype-ridden features of victimization.

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Section: Independent Variablesmentioning

confidence: 86%

Section: Expectancy Violations and Emotional Displaymentioning

confidence: 88%

Section: Expectancy Violations and Emotional Displaymentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Expectancy Violations and Emotional Displaymentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Observer reactions to emotional victims of serious crimes: stereotypes and expectancy violations

Bosma

Mulder

Pemberton

et al. 2018

Psychology, Crime & Law

Self Cite

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show abstract

“…In cases of severe crimes with irrevocable harm such as rape, people might still be concerned with doing something for the victim even if direct compensation might not be possible. For example, research shows that people are accepting of taking into account the described consequences of a severe crime for the victim when determining the punishment of the offender (Lens, Van Doorn, Pemberton, & Bogaerts, 2014).…”

Section: Future Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anger and Prosocial Behavior

2014

Self Cite

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In this dissertation I focus on the behavioral consequences of anger in third-party situations and argue that anger can lead to prosocial behavior when the option to do so is included. More specifically, it is investigated when, why and how anger leads to prosocial behavior. Overview of Chapters The chapters in this dissertation are based on individual papers that are published or under review. As a consequence, the co-authored chapters contain "we" instead of "I". Furthermore, the chapters are written such that they can be understood separately, but they can also be read as part of a set. The order of the chapters reflects the development of my reasoning about anger 1. Chapter 2 reviews the literature on behavioral consequences of anger, and proposes that the behavioral consequences can be explained from an equity perspective (i.e., the idea that angry people want to right wrongs/restore equity). Chapter 3 is aimed at experimentally establishing whether anger leads to prosocial behavior. The most important finding is that prosocial consequences stem from thirdparty anger (where there is a possibility to act prosocially towards a victim), and that acting prosocially towards a victim is preferred over punishment of a perpetrator. These prosocial effects of anger seem to occur independently from empathic concerns. Chapter 4 investigates when anger leads to prosocial behavior, by testing the equity perspective as proposed in Chapter 2. The most important finding is that anger leads to prosocial behavior when one can still restore equity with that behavior; when equity is already restored by compensation of the victim or punishment of the perpetrator, one's anger and one's own motivation to act prosocially towards the victim decrease.

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Emotional victims and the impact on credibility: A systematic review

Doorn

Koster

2019

Aggression and Violent Behavior

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You shouldn't feel that way! Extending the emotional victim effect through the mediating role of expectancy violation

Cited by 21 publications

References 21 publications

Observer reactions to emotional victims of serious crimes: stereotypes and expectancy violations

Observer reactions to emotional victims of serious crimes: stereotypes and expectancy violations

Anger and Prosocial Behavior

Emotional victims and the impact on credibility: A systematic review

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