“…Following Joan Miriam Ringelheim’s pioneering articles (1984, 1985) on the importance of gendering Holocaust experiences, a vast number of books and articles have explored gender-determined forms of suffering, behaviour and victimization (e.g. Allen, 1997; Baer and Goldenberg, 2003; Baumel, 1998, 2000; Bergen, 2013; Goldenberg, 1996; Heinemann, 1986; Horowitz, 2000; Jacobs, 2010; Kremer, 1999; Linden, 1993; Mushaben, 2004; Ofer and Weitzman, 1998; Pine, 2008; Ringelheim, 1984, 1985; Rittner and Roth, 1993; Saidel, 2006; Schoenfeld, 2001; Smith, 1994; Tec, 2003; Waxman, 2003). Such awareness of women’s particular suffering has been an integral part of Israeli Holocaust-related cinema, since the first film featuring a woman survivor.…”