You may look unhappy unless you smile: The distinctiveness of a smiling face against faces without an explicit smile

Park, Hyung-Bum; Han, Jieun; Hyun, Joo-Seok

doi:10.1016/j.actpsy.2015.03.003

Cited by 10 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…Rather than being perceived as neutral, faces designed to display a neutral expression were rated as negatively valenced. The observation of a negativity bias in valence ratings is consistent with findings from a variety of experimental paradigms [ 7 – 9 , 14 ]. Taken together, these data suggest that it is problematic to assume that neutral faces hold no emotional value [ 3 , 4 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

“…In support of a negativity bias, neutral faces were more often misclassified as sad, angry, or frightened than happy [ 6 ]. Further support for neutral faces being processed with a negativity bias come from Go/No-Go [ 7 ], implicit affective association [ 8 ], and visual search tasks [ 9 ]. For example, Park et al [ 9 ] demonstrated individuals to be slower and less accurate on a visual search task when neutral faces were presented among frowning faces than smiling faces as well as less accurate at detecting an expression change was when the expression was changed from neutral to frowning (or vice versa) relative to neutral or frowning to smiling (or vice versa).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Developmental differences in the visual processing of emotionally ambiguous neutral faces based on perceived valence

2021

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The aim of the present research was to assess age-related differences in how children and adults interpret and visually process emotionally ambiguous neutral faces. Children and adults provided neutral child faces with valence and arousal ratings while eye movements were recorded. Consistent with previous research, children and adults both interpreted the neutral faces as negatively valenced. Both age groups showed fewer fixations to the eye region when they rated the faces as positive. However, adults fixated more on the eye region when they rated the faces as negative whereas children fixated more on the eye region when they rated the faces as neutral. This finding may suggest that children strategically allocate attentional resources to the eye region when processing emotionally ambiguous faces to gather critical affective information. These findings have implications for the utilization of neutral faces as an experimental control condition and serve as the foundation for future research on the development of mechanisms that underlie the interpretation of emotionally ambiguous faces.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Developmental differences in the visual processing of emotionally ambiguous neutral faces based on perceived valence

2021

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“…Pearson correlation coefficient (r) with 95% confidence interval and p value are presented in the figure the observers and the external world in everyday life (see for review, Brady et al, 2019). There has been some work on stimulus-oriented factors to account for modulations of attentional allocation by semantic and episodic knowledge (Chen & Zelinsky, 2006;Park et al, 2015;Störmer et al, 2019;Yang & Zelinsky, 2009), reward-association (Anderson et al, 2011), and contextual information (Castelhano & Henderson, 2007;Oliva & Torralba, 2001;Wolfe et al, 2011). Other studies have investigated the impact of state-oriented factors (e.g.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Visual search under physical effort is faster but more vulnerable to distractor interference

2021

Self Cite

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Cognition and action are often intertwined in everyday life. It is thus pivotal to understand how cognitive processes operate with concurrent actions. The present study aims to assess how simple physical effort operationalized as isometric muscle contractions affects visual attention and inhibitory control. In a dual-task paradigm, participants performed a singleton search task and a handgrip task concurrently. In the search task, the target was a shape singleton among distractors with a homogeneous but different shape. A salient-but-irrelevant distractor with a unique color (i.e., color singleton) appeared on half of the trials (Singleton distractor present condition), and its presence often captures spatial attention. Critically, the visual search task was performed by the participants with concurrent hand grip exertion, at 5% or 40% of their maximum strength (low vs. high physical load), on a hand dynamometer. We found that visual search under physical effort is faster, but more vulnerable to distractor interference, potentially due to arousal and reduced inhibitory control, respectively. The two effects further manifest in different aspects of RT distributions that can be captured by different components of the ex-Gaussian model using hierarchical Bayesian method. Together, these results provide behavioral evidence and a novel model for two dissociable cognitive mechanisms underlying the effects of simple muscle exertion on the ongoing visual search process on a moment-by-moment basis.

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“…In fact, previous studies demonstrated that individuals with schizophrenia and high schizotypal traits are likely to categorize neutral faces as angry or fearful 23 24 25 , particularly during ongoing paranoid symptoms 40 . Given that neutral faces may be judged as expressing negative emotions, such as anger, even in typical individuals 41 42 , the exaggerated perception of facial expressions in individuals with high schizotypal traits may further contribute to the misattribution of emotion in others’ faces. Consistent with this notion, individuals with schizophrenia and persecutory delusions are more likely to perceive hostility from others 43 44 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exaggerated perception of facial expressions is increased in individuals with schizotypal traits

Uono

Sato

Toichi

2015

Sci Rep

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Emotional facial expressions are indispensable communicative tools, and social interactions involving facial expressions are impaired in some psychiatric disorders. Recent studies revealed that the perception of dynamic facial expressions was exaggerated in normal participants, and this exaggerated perception is weakened in autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Based on the notion that ASD and schizophrenia spectrum disorder are at two extremes of the continuum with respect to social impairment, we hypothesized that schizophrenic characteristics would strengthen the exaggerated perception of dynamic facial expressions. To test this hypothesis, we investigated the relationship between the perception of facial expressions and schizotypal traits in a normal population. We presented dynamic and static facial expressions, and asked participants to change an emotional face display to match the perceived final image. The presence of schizotypal traits was positively correlated with the degree of exaggeration for dynamic, as well as static, facial expressions. Among its subscales, the paranoia trait was positively correlated with the exaggerated perception of facial expressions. These results suggest that schizotypal traits, specifically the tendency to over-attribute mental states to others, exaggerate the perception of emotional facial expressions.

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You may look unhappy unless you smile: The distinctiveness of a smiling face against faces without an explicit smile

Cited by 10 publications

References 63 publications

Developmental differences in the visual processing of emotionally ambiguous neutral faces based on perceived valence

Developmental differences in the visual processing of emotionally ambiguous neutral faces based on perceived valence

Visual search under physical effort is faster but more vulnerable to distractor interference

Exaggerated perception of facial expressions is increased in individuals with schizotypal traits

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