You look where I look! Effect of gaze cues on overt and covert attention in misdirection

Kuhn, Gustav; Tatler, Benjamin W.; Cole, Geoff G.

doi:10.1080/13506280902826775

Cited by 128 publications

(112 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…For instance, an abundance of studies have now demonstrated the importance of eyes in face 6 perception (e.g., Birmingham, Bischof, & Kingstone, 2008bFletcher-Watson, Findlay, Leekam, & Benson, 2008;Kuhn & Land, 2006;Kuhn, Tatler, & Cole, 2009;WalkerSmith, Gale, & Findlay, 1977). However, the vast majority of such studies present faces in isolation with as little context as possible.…”

Section: Visual Attention During Real Social Interactionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Real Person Interaction in Visual Attention Research

Cole

Skarratt

Kuhn

2016

European Psychologist

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2An important development in cognitive psychology in the past decade has been the examination of visual attention during real social interaction. This contrasts traditional laboratory studies of attention, including 'social attention', in which observers perform tasks alone. In this review we show that although the lone-observer method has been central to attention research, real-person interaction paradigms have not only uncovered the processes that occur during 'joint attention' but have also revealed attentional processes previously thought not to occur. Furthermore, the examination of some visual attention processes almost invariably requires the use of real-person paradigms. Whilst we do not argue for an increase in 'ecological validity' for its own sake, we do suggest that research using real person interaction has greatly benefited the development of visual attention theories.

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Section: Visual Attention During Real Social Interactionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some authors have attempted to improve the ecological validity of social stimuli by using photographs or video clips of real world interactions. For instance, Kuhn, et al (2009) …”

Section: Visual Attention During Real Social Interactionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Real Person Interaction in Visual Attention Research

Cole

Skarratt

Kuhn

2016

European Psychologist

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“…In an interesting study, Kuhn, Tatler, and Cole (2009) looked at gaze-following in natural conditions. By manipulating where a magician was looking, the authors showed that observers of magic tricks often directed their gaze toward the same areas as those at which the magician was looking.…”

Section: Orientation-following In the Presence Of Personsmentioning

confidence: 99%

How the presence of persons biases eye movements

Zwickel

Võ

2010

Psychonomic Bulletin & Review

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We investigated modulation of gaze behavior of observers viewing complex scenes that included a person. To assess spontaneous orientation-following, and in contrast to earlier studies, we did not make the person salient via instruction or low-level saliency. Still, objects that were referred to by the orientation of the person were visited earlier, more often, and longer than when they were not referred to. Analysis of fixation sequences showed that the number of saccades to the cued and uncued objects differed only for saccades that started from the head region, but not for saccades starting from a control object or from a body region. We therefore argue that viewing a person leads to an increase in spontaneous following of the person's viewing direction even when the person plays no role in scene understanding and is not made prominent.

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“…When viewing a series of images that collectively tell a story, for example, participants will fixate on an actor's face earlier and for longer than nonsocial control objects (17). In a study by Kuhn et al (18) in which participants watched a video of a magic trick, the proportion of fixations on the head and eyes was nearly 70%. Likewise, when participants were asked to watch videos of other students engaging in conversation, 77% of fixations were directed to the people in the clips (19).…”

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Potential social interactions are important to social attention

Laidlaw

Foulsham

Kuhn

et al. 2011

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Social attention, or how spatial attention is allocated to biologically relevant stimuli, has typically been studied using simplistic paradigms that do not provide any opportunity for social interaction. To study social attention in a complex setting that affords social interaction, we measured participants' looking behavior as they were sitting in a waiting room, either in the presence of a confederate posing as another research participant, or in the presence of a videotape of the same confederate. Thus, the potential for social interaction existed only when the confederate was physically present. Although participants frequently looked at the videotaped confederate, they seldom turned toward or looked at the live confederate. Ratings of participants' social skills correlated with head turns to the live, but not videotaped, confederate. Our results demonstrate the importance of studying social attention within a social context, and suggest that the mere opportunity for social interaction can alter social attention.eye movements | overt visual attention | visual cognition | autism

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You look where I look! Effect of gaze cues on overt and covert attention in misdirection

Cited by 128 publications

References 41 publications

Real Person Interaction in Visual Attention Research

Real Person Interaction in Visual Attention Research

How the presence of persons biases eye movements

Potential social interactions are important to social attention

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