You Can't Understand ISIS If You Don't Know the History of Wahhabism in Saudi Arabia

Crooke, Alastair

doi:10.1111/npqu.11504

Cited by 15 publications

(19 citation statements)

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“…Ibn Abd al-Wahhab developed the label of kafir further and allowed invocation of takfir against Muslims who did not accept his strict interpretations and condemned people who believed in saints as kuffar (Crooke, 2014; Valentine, 2015, p. 81). The vast dissemination of the takfiri ideology all around the world should be regarded as the consequence of the Saudi-funded Wahhabi propaganda in recent decades (Daou, 2012; Kepel, 2006; Kristof, 2016; Shane, 2016).…”

Section: Historical and Ideological Roots Of Takfirmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring Takfir, Its Origins and Contemporary Use: The Case of Takfiri Approach in Daesh’s Media

Kadivar

2020

Contemporary Review of the Middle East

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Muslims have been the primary targets of Daesh’s attacks since 2014 in different countries such as Afghanistan, Iraq, and Syria. These attacks were based on its takfiri ideology. As Daesh official media and documents indicate, kufr (unbelief, infidelity) in Daesh’s approach is not limited to non-Muslims (original disbelievers), but Muslims are the most significant parts of kuffar (unbelievers) in its view and defined as incidental disbelievers. Through studying Daesh’s official documents and various Arabic, English, and Persian media productions, in an explanatory research, this article attempts to display Daesh’s takfiri approach toward Muslims and explains its historical and ideological roots, difference with Al-Qaeda’s takfiri approach, different approaches to takfir inside Daesh, main targets of Daesh’s takfir, and the reasons behinds its takfiri view. This article displays that for Daesh, the Muslims are limited only to Sunni Muslims who are accepting and following its approach. Other Sunni and non-Sunni Muslims are thus kuffar. This study also shows that the assertion of takfir has become a method for Daesh to discredit its opponents, such as Shi’a Muslims and other Muslim groups.

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Section: Historical and Ideological Roots Of Takfirmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring Takfir, Its Origins and Contemporary Use: The Case of Takfiri Approach in Daesh’s Media

Kadivar

2020

Contemporary Review of the Middle East

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“…But can religion be considered as a part of deliberate smart power strategies of the Gulf countries, particularly Saudi Arabia and Qatar? Accordingly, what made Wahhabism a globally noticeable creed was Saudi monarchy's deliberate policies to keep at bay the enlarging puritanical groups with reformist political agenda, which did not spare even the Saudi rule (Commins, 2006: 205-206;Crooke 2015, Lacroix, 2011Bronson, 2006). To flatten the internal dissidents, Saudi monarchy took the advantage of the conflicts in Afghanistan, Chechnya and Bosnia where Muslims were harassed, and helped Wahhabi/Salafi radical groups to run their 'jihad' against non-Muslim aggressors to brandish its profile as 'the protector of the nation of Islam or Ummah' in the whole Islamic world (Morrison, 2008:3;Hegghammer, 2008: 704).…”

Section: Ideology or The Arabian Smart Power?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Gulf Region and Western Balkans: A Current History of Interregional Relations

Mandaci

Karacalarli

2018

Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi

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From the Gulf's point of view, the Western Balkans is a lucrative destination: in desperate economical need and offering a very suitable environment for investment. However, the recent boom in the interregional relations cannot be explained only by looking at both sides' appetite for mutual commercial gain. Particularly, for the rich Gulf countries the region offers some other opportunities to sustain and reinforce further their international economic and political profile as well. The study aims at unfolding the basic leitmotivs behind the growing interest of the Gulf countries to the Western Balkans as well as the course of interregional relations since the beginning of the 2000s.

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“…These include denouncing the faith, throwing the Quran in filth and wailing over the dead. Other acts, such as a ruler not adhering strictly to sharia or an individual Muslim not fulfilling a particular obligation of the faith, are held by moderates to be minor unbelief and require that they be declared ‘permissible’ by the actor before they constitute major unbelief (Al‐Rasheed, ; Crooke, ). The radical interpretation, on the other hand, is that any Muslim who believes differently than the takfiri (the one pronouncing takfir ) is automatically guilty of major unbelief and therefore subject to immediate execution (Paz, ; Wood, ).…”

Section: Limitations Of Theoretical Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This view, in turn, greatly affects the strategy these groups employ to achieve their goals. The takfiri doctrine is the cornerstone of much of the violence committed by organizations such as IS, al‐Shabaab and Boko Haram today (Lahoud, ; Crooke, ).…”

Section: Limitations Of Theoretical Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Perils of Deduction: Limitations of Theoretical Models in Terrorism Studies

Maszka

2018

Syst. Res

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This article explores the limitations of both systemic and lower‐level theories, as well as the limitations associated with the use of theoretical models in the field of Terrorism Studies. They are useful to a degree, as they allow analysts to parse out various facets of a phenomenon and examine them independently. However, this approach involves a trade‐off, offering a measure of parsimony and greater generalizability at the expense of accuracy. For those who desire more accuracy, their models must be more complex and, therefore, generate less generalizable results. What is more, the deductive process becomes increasingly more difficult as theoretical models increase in complexity. © 2018 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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You Can't Understand ISIS If You Don't Know the History of Wahhabism in Saudi Arabia

Cited by 15 publications

References 0 publications

Exploring Takfir, Its Origins and Contemporary Use: The Case of Takfiri Approach in Daesh’s Media

Exploring Takfir, Its Origins and Contemporary Use: The Case of Takfiri Approach in Daesh’s Media

Gulf Region and Western Balkans: A Current History of Interregional Relations

The Perils of Deduction: Limitations of Theoretical Models in Terrorism Studies

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