You and me: Investigating the role of self-evaluative emotion in preschool prosociality

Abstract

Citation for published version (APA): Ross, J. (2017). You and me: investigating the role of self-evaluative emotion in preschool prosociality. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 155, 67-83. DOI: 10.1016/j.jecp.2016 General rights Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in Discovery Research Portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights.• Users may download and print one copy of any publication from Discovery Research Portal for the purpose of private study or research.• You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain.• You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal. Take down policyIf you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. Download date: 13. May. 2018Self-evaluative emotion and preschool prosociality AbstractSelf-evaluative emotions depend on internalized social standards and motivate social action. However, there is a lack of empirical research documenting the impact of self-evaluative emotion on 3-and 4-year-olds' prosociality. Extant research relates children's experiences of guilt to empathetic concern and making amends. However, the relationship between guilt and both concern and making amends is potentially reductive. Empathetic concern involves similar bodily expressions to guilt, and amend making is used to distinguish guilt from shame in children. This is the first study to relate the development of both positive and negative selfevaluative emotions to empathetic concern and prosocial choice (making amends, spontaneous help). Results confirm that the broad capacity for self-evaluative emotion is established in the preschool years, and relates to empathetic concern. Moreover, these social emotions can be used to predict prosocial choice. Making amends was best predicted by empathetic concern and by children's responses to achievement (pride following success, lack of shame following failure). Alongside moral pride, pride in response to achievement and resilience to shame was also the best predictor of spontaneous help. The data support the idea that young children's prosocial choices may be partially driven by the affective drive to maintain an 'ideal' self. Psychologists have emphasised that in order to be adaptive, selfevaluative emotion should be guilt rather than shame orientated. However, the adaptive role of pride has been neglected. We call on future research to redress the focus on negative selfevaluation in moral development and further explore the prosocial potential of pride. Research Highlights1. Self-evaluative emotions depend on internalized standards and motivate social action.2. Extant developmental research associates guilt with empathetic concern and reparation.3. The current paper shows th...

The Me in Memory: The Role of the Self in Autobiographical Memory Development

“…Contributing to broader gap in the literature concerning the functional development of self beyond mirror self-recognition (Ross, 2017;Ross, Anderson, & Campbell, 2011b;Ross et al, 2011aRoss et al, , 2017, the current study presents novel empirical evidence of a relation between autobiographical memory and the self-concept. Pioneering the empirical application of a robust source-based SRE in 3-to 6-year-old children (Cunningham et al, 2014;Ross et al, 2011a), we demonstrate for the first time that the volume and specificity of children's autobiographical memories is predicted by both the volume of their self-knowledge, and their capacity for self-source monitoring within both physical and cognitive SRE paradigms.…”

La conducta prosocial como factor protector de los problemas de adicción al juego en universitarios

“…La Hipótesis 1 planteaba que tanto el apoyo social percibido por los universitarios como la resiliencia que estas tuvieran frente a los problemas ejercerían como predictores positivos de las conductas prosociales, de forma que los universitarios con un mayor apoyo social y mayor capacidad de resiliencia llevarían a cabo conductas prosociales en mayor medida. Los resultados obtenidos corroboran totalmente esta hipótesis, ya que tanto el apoyo social (Lever y Estrada, 2018;Mallia et al, 2019;Ramos-Vidal et al, 2019;Simpson et al, 2018) como la resiliencia (Ross, 2017;Vargas et al, 2018) se mostraron como buenos predictores, explicando el 30% de la varianza de las conductas prosociales. El efecto que la resiliencia tiene sobre las conductas prosociales es especialmente interesante, ya que es una relación que carece de una extensa investigación al respecto (Vargas et al, 2018), especialmente en muestra de jóvenes en edad universitaria (Brown & Lichter, 2006).…”

“…La resiliencia es la capacidad de las personas de adaptarse y afrontar las distintas situaciones adversas que se les puedan plantear (Artuch-Garde et al, 2017), y se relaciona directamente con las conductas prosociales de las personas, siendo ambas variables necesarias para el buen funcionamiento social (Arias, 2015). Distintas investigaciones encontraron que la resiliencia es predictora de las conductas prosociales desde la niñez (Ross, 2017) y manteniéndose en la adolescencia (Vargas et al, 2018). Brown y Lichter (2006) en su estudio en población en edad universitaria, encontraron que la resiliencia de las personas actuaba como un factor protector que favorecía las conductas prosociales.…”

Mediating Effect of Work-Life Balance between Motivation and Job Satisfaction and Its Impact on Emotional Intelligence of Mystery Shopping Professionals

“…The factor loadings called the regression weights are important in AMOS output (Nimon & Oswald, 2013). Optimistic (M1) Scheier and Carver (1993), Empathetic emotions (M2) Ioannidou (2008), Ross (2017), Combating Negativities (M3) and accompanying other emotions (M4), Extrovert personality (M5) represents Emotional Intelligence. It is evident that optimistic feeling and combating negativities are the most important components shaping the EI of mystery shoppers.…”