Yolk utilization and growth during the early larval life of the Silver Perch, Bidyanus bidyanus (Mitchell, 1838)

Abstract

The aim of this research was to investigate the yolk sac and oil globule utilization by silver perch (Bidyanus bidyanus) larvae produced from domesticated broodfish. The larvae were kept unfed in the holding tank, sampled, and investigated by image analysis software to determine various characteristics, such as the diameters of ova, water-hardened eggs, yolk-sac, oil globules, and the total length of larvae. The research illustrated that, with the exception of oil globule diameter, all other morphometric parameters were significantly lower (P \ 0.05) when compared to the larvae from the wild broodfish. The yolk sac was completely absorbed at 96 h post-hatching (hph) and the oil globule was visible until 240 hph. The larvae exhibited predatory movements and tried to catch rotifer at 4 days post hatching (dph). However, the onset of feeding took place at 5 dph, while 100% of feeding occurred at 6 dph. During the first 96 h (h), larvae grew significantly faster than the next 144 h. Larvae encountered low mortalities (\10%) during the first 96 hph, before increasing significantly in the next 24 h and no unfed larvae survived post 240 h. The results also suggested that the exogenous feed should be available at 96 hph, which is well after the yolk sac is completely depleted. In addition, although most of eggs and larval performance from domesticated broodfish were inferior compared to the wild one, it has larger oil globule that could make longer of its mixed feeding period and therefore could have better in viability.

Strain‐specific effects of broodstock size on fecundity and offspring performance in bighead catfish ( Clarias macrocephalus Günther, 1864)

“…Compared to the CT domesticated strain, the wild CM strain had slightly lower fecundity but significantly larger egg diameter, greater larval body length and bigger yolk‐sac volume. A similar result was reported when comparing wild and domesticated strains of the silver perch ( Bidyanus bidyanus ) (Sulaeman & Fotedar, 2017). Both of the current breeding strains of bighead catfish had been cultured in the same recirculating system for 1 year; however, the results were similar to those found in the original stocks (Duong et al, 2020), indicating the effects of their origin (wild and domesticated strains) on the above mentioned parameters.…”

Growth Performance and Nutritional Condition of Marble Goby (Oxyeleotris marmoratus) Larvae Fed under Different Onsets of First Feeding

“…However, considering that the nutritional transition period was much shorter and larvae were thought to be unable to complete some biological development due to energy and nutrient defciency. Tis critical stage is often observed towards the end of yolk sac utilization, which was also confrmed by Sulaeman and Fotedar [40].…”

Comparative Effects of Embryonic Metformin Exposure on Wild and Laboratory-Spawned Fathead Minnow (Pimephales promelas) Populations

“…This is of consequence for wild ELS fish populations, as fish with smaller endogenous energy reserves (e.g., those exposed to metformin in the present study) will be forced to make the transition to exogenous feeding early to avoid starvation. − In order to successfully forage and evade predation, FHM relies on a combination of chemical and visual cues; consequently, visual acuity is another critical factor underpinning the growth and survival of ELS fish. ,,− In the present study, metformin exposure also led to significant negative effects on the eyes of ELS FHM, including a significant increase in the occurrence and severity of eye deformities and a significant decrease in the mean eye size. In fish that develop under energy and nutrient-limited conditions (e.g., those with depleted or inadequate endogenous energy/yolk stores), the eye size is known to correspond with visual acuity and neural tissue mass in fish. − This is thought to represent an energetic “trade-off” that reduces the overall energy costs associated with development (due to the extraordinary energy requirements associated with the visual sensory system) while still allowing for otherwise normal growth rates. , Thus, effects on the eye size are likely to have implications for visual acuity, thereby limiting the efficacy of early exogenous feeding as a compensatory mechanism for reduced endogenous stores. Furthermore, these findings provide yet another line of evidence to suggest that metformin disrupts energy budgets in ELS fish at environmentally relevant exposure concentrations.…”

“…However, while the reduced yolk sac size corresponded with a larger size at hatch in the lab-reared cohort, wild-spawned fish exposed to metformin demonstrated smaller yolk reserves relative to control animals of an equivalent size. This is of consequence for survival of ELS fish in the wild, as larger energy stores correspond with faster growth rates in ELS fish, thus leading to better odds of survival. , …”