Yolk sac size and embryonic heart rate as prognostic factors of first trimester pregnancy outcome

Varelas, Fotios K.; Prapas, Nikos; Liang, Ren-Ing; Prapas, Ioannis; Makedos, G

doi:10.1016/j.ejogrb.2007.06.023

Cited by 36 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…In this study we chose to include only pregnancies with a normal outcome and to establish normal rather than reference ranges because, firstly, a high proportion of pregnancies attending an EPU result in miscarriage and, secondly, several studies reported that several pregnancy complications are associated with abnormal measurements of HR, GSD and YSD [52][53][54][55] .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Normal Ranges of Embryonic Length, Embryonic Heart Rate, Gestational Sac Diameter and Yolk Sac Diameter at 6–10 Weeks

et al. 2010

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Objectives: To construct normal ranges for embryonic crown-rump length (CRL), heart rate (HR), gestational sac diameter (GSD) and yolk sac diameter (YSD) at 6–10 weeks of gestation. Methods: We examined 4,698 singleton pregnancies with ultrasound measurements of CRL, HR, GSD and YSD at 6–10 weeks and CRL at 11–13 weeks resulting in the live birth after 36 weeks of phenotypically normal neonates with birth weight above the 5th centile. Gestational age was derived from CRL at the 11- to 13-week scan using the formula of Robinson and Fleming. Regression analysis was used to establish normal ranges of CRL, fetal HR, GSD and YSD with gestation, and fetal HR, GSD and YSD with CRL. Results: At 6–10 weeks there were significant quadratic associations between CRL, GSD, YSD and gestation and between HR, GSD, YSD and CRL, and a cubic association between HR and gestation. The estimated gestation from CRL was the same as that of Robinson and Fleming for a CRL of 10.2–36.5 mm, but the formula of Robinson and Fleming underestimated the gestation by 1 day for a CRL 7.4–10.2 mm and this increased to 9 days for a CRL of 1 mm. Conclusion: This study established normal ranges for early pregnancy biometry.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Normal Ranges of Embryonic Length, Embryonic Heart Rate, Gestational Sac Diameter and Yolk Sac Diameter at 6–10 Weeks

et al. 2010

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“…Abnormal ultrasound findings are highly predictive of early pregnancy loss (EPL) [11][12][13][14][15]; however, whether the ultrasound findings for embryos from EPLs are related to specific chromosomal abnormalities remains unclear.…”

Section: Advanced Maternal Age (Ma) Is Associated With An Increasedmentioning

confidence: 99%

Correlation analysis between ultrasound findings and abnormal karyotypes in the embryos from early pregnancy loss after in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer

Ouyang

et al. 2016

J Assist Reprod Genet

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Purpose The purpose of the study is to evaluate the correlation between ultrasound findings and abnormal karyotypes in early pregnancy losses (EPLs) after in vitro fertilizationembryo transfer (IVF-ET). Methods This retrospective analysis assessed 2172 cases of EPL after IVF-ET occurring between January 2008 and December 2013. The cases were examined via transvaginal ultrasonography (TVS). Embryonic tissue karyotyping following miscarriage was performed using a comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) analysis with fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). The correlations between the ultrasound findings and the karyotypes were evaluated. Results Six categories of ultrasound findings were observed: normal ultrasound, empty sac, yolk sac only, small gestational sac, small embryonic pole, and early symmetrical arrested growth. The overall rate of abnormal karyotypes was 44.9 % (976/2172), and the rate of abnormal karyotypes associated with a normal ultrasound, empty sac, yolk sac only, small gestational sac, small embryonic pole, and early symmetrical arrested growth was 49.5 % (218/440), 28.1 % (138/491), 43.4 % (197/454), 50.0 % (43/86), 49.8 % (155/311), and 57.7 % (225/390), respectively. Compared with the other groups, the prevalence of chromosomal abnormalities was significantly higher in the early symmetrical arrested growth group but was markedly lower in the empty sac group in all cases and when cases of 46,XX were excluded (p < 0.05). Trisomy 16 was the most common chromosomal abnormality in the yolk sac only, small embryonic pole and early symmetrical arrested growth groups. In the empty sac, small gestational sac and normal ultrasound groups, monosomy X was the most frequent abnormality. Conclusions Chromosomal anomalies may be associated with specific types of ultrasound findings in EPLs after IVF-ET.

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“…4 It is estimated that approximately 30% to 40% of implanted pregnancies result in spontaneous abortion during the first trimester, most of which occur in the very early stage. 5 However, after demonstration of positive embryonic heart activity, the rate of spontaneous abortion declines to 2% to 5%. 6 The embryonic heartbeat can usually be identified by prenatal sonography at 6 weeks' gestation with a transvaginal transducer, and the heart rate can be evaluated via M-mode sonography.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early sonographic markers and prediction of pregnancy outcome: a prospective study

Bamniya

Panchal

Singh

et al. 2017

Int J Reprod Contracept Obstet Gynecol

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Background: The objective of the study was to examines the pregnancy outcome in patients with early sonography markers and study design was a prospective study.Methods: This prospective study was conducted at Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, GCS Medical College, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India from Feb 2012 to August 2016. Total of 612 Women with early pregnancy were included in the study that fulfilled the inclusion criterias. After first sonography examination patients were assigned to the control group and study group. Patients were followed up for outcome.14 pateients were lost to follow up.Results: The incidence of pregnancy loss was highest with Large yolk sac i.e 78.57%, followed by loss with Bradycardia (38%), Tachycardia (15.78%) and Smaller than normal G Sac to be 14.28%. As compared to control which had pregnancy loss of only 7.7%. Incidence of other complications like IUGR, PIH were also increased in patients with abnormal early sonography markers up to 33%.Conclusions: T Transvaginal sonography should be used adequately to look for early pregnancy markers like Size of Gestational sac, size and shape of yolk sac, fetal heart rate and in cases of threatened abortion presence of subchorionic haematoma and its size because all these markers are good predictors of pragnacy outcome and can prove helpful in patient counseling.

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Yolk sac size and embryonic heart rate as prognostic factors of first trimester pregnancy outcome

Cited by 36 publications

References 14 publications

Normal Ranges of Embryonic Length, Embryonic Heart Rate, Gestational Sac Diameter and Yolk Sac Diameter at 6–10 Weeks

Normal Ranges of Embryonic Length, Embryonic Heart Rate, Gestational Sac Diameter and Yolk Sac Diameter at 6–10 Weeks

Correlation analysis between ultrasound findings and abnormal karyotypes in the embryos from early pregnancy loss after in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer

Early sonographic markers and prediction of pregnancy outcome: a prospective study

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