Yohimbine: A new street drug

Linden, Christopher H.; Vellman, W P; Rumack, Barry H.

doi:10.1016/s0196-0644(85)80249-3

Cited by 47 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…However, the data also are consistent with evidence in humans that YO generates nausea and malaise (Linden et al, 1985;Mattila et al, 1988). Chemical agents and treatment conditions often are defined as "nauseogenic" or malaise-inducing in rats based on their ability to both inhibit food intake and support conditioned taste aversion (CTA; Parker, 2003;Reilly, 1999;Sakai and Yamamoto, 1999).…”

Section: Yo-induced Anorexia and Cfa: Evidence For Malaisesupporting

confidence: 76%

The anxiogenic drug yohimbine activates central viscerosensory circuits in rats

Myers

Banihashemi

Rinaman

2005

J of Comparative Neurology

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Systemic administration of the alpha(2)-adrenoceptor antagonist yohimbine (YO) activates the HPA stress axis and promotes anxiety in humans and experimental animals. We propose that visceral malaise contributes to the stressful and anxiogenic effects of systemic YO and that YO recruits brainstem noradrenergic (NA) and peptidergic neurons that relay viscerosensory signals to the hypothalamus and limbic forebrain. To begin testing these hypotheses, the present study explored dose-related effects of YO on food intake, conditioned flavor avoidance (CFA), and Fos immunolabeling in rats. Systemic YO (5.0 mg/kg BW, i.p.) inhibited food intake, supported CFA, and increased Fos immunolabeling in identified NA neurons in the ventrolateral medulla, nucleus of the solitary tract, and locus coeruleus. YO also increased Fos in the majority of corticotropin releasing hormone-positive neurons in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus. YO administered at 1.0 mg/kg BW did not inhibit food intake, did not support CFA, and did not increase Fos immunolabeling. Retrograde neural tracing demonstrated that neurons activated by YO at 5.0 mg/kg BW included medullary and pontine neurons that project to the central nucleus of the amygdala and to the lateral bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, the latter region receiving comparatively greater input by Fos-positive neurons. We conclude that YO produces anorexigenic and aversive effects that correlate with activation of brainstem viscerosensory inputs to the limbic forebrain. These findings invite continued investigation of how central viscerosensory signaling pathways interact with hypothalamic and limbic regions to influence interrelated physiological and behavioral components of anxiety, stress, and visceral malaise.

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Section: Yo-induced Anorexia and Cfa: Evidence For Malaisesupporting

confidence: 76%

The anxiogenic drug yohimbine activates central viscerosensory circuits in rats

Myers

Banihashemi

Rinaman

2005

J of Comparative Neurology

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“…People with kidney problems and people with psychiatric conditions should not use Yohimbe ” [34]. In 1985, Linden et al have reported a case of a 16-year-old girl who experienced an acute dissociative reaction accompanied by weakness, paraesthesia, incoordination, anxiety, headache, and chest pain after the ingestion of an aphrodisiac called “ yo-yo, ” which has been later identified as yohimbine [36]. Acute neurotoxic effects related to the ingestion of yohimbine-containing products have been reported by Giampreti et al, who has reported the case of a 37-year-old bodybuilder presented with malaise, vomiting, loss of consciousness, and repeated seizures after ingestion of 5 g of yohimbine during a competition [37].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sexual Enhancement Products for Sale Online: Raising Awareness of the Psychoactive Effects of Yohimbine, Maca, Horny Goat Weed, andGinkgo biloba

Corazza

Martinotti

Santacroce

et al. 2014

BioMed Research International

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Introduction. The use of unlicensed food and herbal supplements to enhance sexual functions is drastically increasing. This phenomenon, combined with the availability of these products over the Internet, represents a challenge from a clinical and a public health perspective. Methods. A comprehensive multilingual assessment of websites, drug fora, and other online resources was carried out between February and July 2013 with exploratory qualitative searches including 203 websites. Additional searches were conducted using the Global Public Health Intelligence Network (GPHIN). Once the active constitutes of the products were identified, a comprehensive literature search was carried out using PsycInfo and PubMed. Results. The most common sexual enhancement products available on the Internet were identified. Their active ingredients included yohimbine, maca, horny goat weed and Ginkgo biloba. These four substances were reported with the occurrence of adverse events and the induction of psychological symptoms, such as mood changes, anxiety, and hallucinations as well as addictive behaviours. Conclusions. Uncontrolled availability of sexual enhancement products that contain potentially harmful substances is a major public health concern. The possible impact on population health, particularly among subjects with psychiatric disorders, usually at risk for sexual dysfunction, may be significant. This new trend needs to be extensively studied and monitored.

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“…One of its metabolites, 1-hydroxyyohimbine, is pharmacologically active [33]. Among the rare reported cases of yohimbine intoxication, the adverse events included: increase in blood pressure, tachycardia, paresthesias, loss of coordination, headaches, gastrointestinal disorders, agitation and even coma [25,34]. A case of atrial fibrillation after ingestion of 350 mg yohimbine has been reported [35].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Death related to consumption of Rauvolfia sp. powder mislabeled as Tabernanthe iboga

Gicquel

Hugbart

Dévéhat

et al. 2016

Forensic Science International

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Powdered roots of iboga (Tabernanthe iboga) contain ibogaine, an alkaloid that has been used to treat addictions. We report the case of a 30-year-old woman who died after ingesting a powder labeled as Tabernanthe iboga she had bought online. Analysis of the powder revealed the absence of ibogaine but the presence of toxic alkaloids (ajmaline, yohimbine and reserpine) found in Rauvolfia sp. plant species. An original and specific LC-MS/MS method developed to quantify ajmaline, yohimbine and reserpine showed respective concentrations of 109.1ng/mL, 98.2ng/mL and 30.8ng/mL in blood, and 1528.2ng/mL, 914.2ng/mL and 561.2ng/mL in bile. Moreover, systematic toxicological analyses of biological samples showed the presence of oxazepam at therapeutic concentration and cannabinoids. Death could be attributed to ingestion of a substantial quantity of crushed roots of Rauvolfia in association with concomitant drug withdrawal.

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Yohimbine: A new street drug

Cited by 47 publications

References 7 publications

The anxiogenic drug yohimbine activates central viscerosensory circuits in rats

The anxiogenic drug yohimbine activates central viscerosensory circuits in rats

Sexual Enhancement Products for Sale Online: Raising Awareness of the Psychoactive Effects of Yohimbine, Maca, Horny Goat Weed, andGinkgo biloba

Death related to consumption of Rauvolfia sp. powder mislabeled as Tabernanthe iboga

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