Yoga for Arthritis: A Scoping Review

Abstract

SynopsisThe aim of this article was to systematically review the existing literature on the use of yoga for persons with arthritis. We included peer-reviewed research from clinical trials (published from 1980-2010) that used yoga as an intervention for arthritis patients and reported quantitative findings. Eleven studies were identified, including four RCTs and four NRCTs. All trials were small and control groups varied. No adverse events were reported and attrition was comparable or better than typical for exercise interventions. Evidence was strongest for reduction in disease symptoms (tender/swollen joints, pain) and disability, as well as improved self-efficacy and mental health. Interventions, research methods and disease diagnoses were heterogeneous. Larger, rigorous RCTs are necessary to more effectively quantify the effects of yoga for arthritic populations Keywords yoga; rheumatoid arthritis; osteoarthritis; physical activity; exercise; mindfulness IntroductionYoga includes a variety of theories and practices that originated in ancient India and have evolved and spread throughout the world. In Sanskrit, yoga means "to yoke" or connect 1 . This typically refers to mind-body integration, but over the thousands of years that yoga has evolved, this focus has also been applied to spatial surroundings, nature, other individuals and spiritual interconnectedness 2 . The physical practice of yoga, referred to as "hatha," was originally intended to prepare for meditation, an important spiritual practice in many cultures. In recent decades, hatha yoga has become popular for physical activity and stress management. Other aspects of yoga, including study of ancient texts, dietary practices, acts of service, and moral living may be mentioned, but are not generally a focus of western classes.© 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.Corresponding author for proof and reprints: Steffany Haaz, PhD, Johns Hopkins Arthritis Center, 5200 Eastern Avenue, Mason F. Lord, Center Tower, 4 th Floor, Baltimore, MD 21224, (410) 550-5216, shaaz@jhsph.edu. Publisher's Disclaimer: This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final citable form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain.The authors have nothing to disclose. NIH Public Access NIH-PA Author ManuscriptNIH-PA Author Manuscript NIH-PA Author ManuscriptAfter attention to posture, deep breathing and/or chanting, yoga practice often begins with a slow movement sequence to increase blood flow and warm muscles. This is followed by poses that include flexion, extension, adduction, abduction and rotation 1;3 . Holding poses builds strength by engaging muscles in isometric contraction 4;5 . Moving joints through their fu...

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