2-Alkoxy-and 2-alkylthio-3-aryl(hetaryl)propenals have been synthesized in 57-84% yields by the reaction of aldol condensation of aryl(hetaryl) aldehydes with 2-alkoxy-and 2-butylthioacetaldehydes. In the presence of alkali catalysts the reaction proceeds stereoselectively in two-phase systems. The direction of the С=С bond hydration of the prepared enals in the course of hydrolysis in acidic medium has been investigated.