Yields of suspended sediment and dissolved solids from the Andean basins of Ecuador

Armijos, Elisa; Laraque, Alain; Barba, Sonia; Bourrel, Luc; Ceron, Catalina; Lagane, Christelle; Magat, Philippe; Moquet, Jean-Sébastien; Pombosa, Rodrigo; Sondag, Francis; Vauchel, Philippe; Vera, Andrea; Guyot, Jean‐Loup

doi:10.1080/02626667.2013.826359

Cited by 18 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…When b > 0, concentration increases with increasing discharge, as generally observed for suspended load concentrations (e.g. Armijos et al 2013b ).…”

Section: Vs Q Relationshipssupporting

confidence: 66%

“…Meade et al 1985 ;Dunne et al 1998 ;Filizola and Guyot 2009 ;Martinez et al 2009 ; and of the Andes (Guyot et al 1996 ;Armijos et al 2013a , b ;Pepin et al 2013 ;Santini et al 2014 ), the total dissolved solid (TDS) variability in response to the hydrological cycle has been less examined. Some local studies have been performed in the shields (Markewitz et al 2001 ), in the central plain area (Devol et al 1995 ), at the outlet of the Amazon (Oltman et al 1964 ;Oltman 1967 ;Gibbs 1967a , b ) and on Andean rivers (Roche and Fernandez Jauregui 1988 ;Guyot et al 1993 ;Townsend-Small et al 2008 ;Aufdenkampe et al 2007 ;Wilcke et al 2001Wilcke et al , 2003Boy et al 2008 ;Armijos et al 2013b ;Torres et al 2015). Some studies provide a general overview of the temporal variability of TDS (e.g.…”

Section: Aq6mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Amazon River dissolved load: temporal dynamics and annual budget from the Andes to the ocean

Moquet

Guyot

Crave

et al. 2015

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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The aim of the present study is to estimate the export fluxes of major dissolved species at the scale of the Amazon basin, to identify the main parameters controlling their spatial distribution and to identify the role of discharge variability in the variability of the total dissolved solid (TDS) flux through the hydrological cycle. Data are compiled from the monthly hydrochemistry and daily discharge database of the "Programa Climatologico y Hidrologico de la Cuenca Amazonica de Bolivia" (PHICAB) and the HYBAM observatories from 34 stations distributed over the Amazon basin (for the 1983-1992 and 2000-2012 periods, respectively). This paper consists of a first global observation of the fluxes and temporal dynamics of each geomorphological domain of the Amazon basin. Based on mean interannual monthly flux calculations, we estimated that the Amazon basin delivered approximately 272 × 10(6) t year(-1) (263-278) of TDS during the 2003-2012 period, which represents approximately 7 % of the continental inputs to the oceans. This flux is mainly made up by HCO3, Ca and SiO2, reflecting the preferential contributions of carbonate and silicate chemical weathering to the Amazon River Basin. The main tributaries contributing to the TDS flux are the Marañon and Ucayali Rivers (approximately 50 % of the TDS production over 14 % of the Amazon basin area) due to the weathering of carbonates and evaporites drained by their Andean tributaries. An Andes-sedimentary area-shield TDS flux (and specific flux) gradient is observed throughout the basin and is first explained by the TDS concentration contrast between these domains, rather than variability in runoff. This observation highlights that, under tropical context, the weathering flux repartition is primarily controlled by the geomorphological/geological setting and confirms that sedimentary areas are currently active in terms of the production of dissolved load. The log relationships of concentration vs discharge have been characterized over all the studied stations and for all elements. The analysis of the slope of the relationship within the selected contexts reveals that the variability in TDS flux is mainly controlled by the discharge variability throughout the hydrological year. At the outlet of the basin, a clockwise hysteresis is observed for TDS concentration and is mainly controlled by Ca and HCO3 hysteresis, highlighting the need for a sampling strategy with a monthly frequency to accurately determine the TDS fluxes of the basin. The evaporite dissolution flux tends to be constant, whereas dissolved load fluxes released from other sources (silicate weathering, carbonate weathering, biological and/or atmospheric inputs) are mainly driven by variability in discharge. These results suggest that past and further climate variability had or will have a direct impact on the variability of dissolved fluxes in the Amazon. Further studies need to be performed to better understand the processes controlling the dynamics of weathering fluxes and their applicability to present-day c...

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“…When b > 0, concentration increases with increasing discharge, as generally observed for suspended load concentrations (e.g. Armijos et al 2013b ).…”

Section: Vs Q Relationshipssupporting

confidence: 66%

Section: Aq6mentioning

confidence: 99%

Amazon River dissolved load: temporal dynamics and annual budget from the Andes to the ocean

Moquet

Guyot

Crave

et al. 2015

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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“…Over the past 35 years, EENE have affected the climatology, hydrology and also the sedimentology of catchments all along the Andes, yet with an impact that varies spatially. In western Ecuador (1°N–3°S) 18 and northwestern Peru (3–5°S) 19 , EENE produce 5.4–11 times the mean river discharge (Q) and mean suspended sediment yield (SSY), respectively. Consequently, farmlands, houses, bridges, and roads are destroyed, which causes great economic losses, and floods and epidemics kill thousands of people and animals 20 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The impact of extreme El Niño events on modern sediment transport along the western Peruvian Andes (1968–2012)

Morera

Condom

Crave

et al. 2017

Sci Rep

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Climate change is considered as one of the main factors controlling sediment fluxes in mountain belts. However, the effect of El Niño, which represents the primary cause of inter-annual climate variability in the South Pacific, on river erosion and sediment transport in the Western Andes remains unclear. Using an unpublished dataset of Suspended Sediment Yield (SSY) in Peru (1968–2012), we show that the annual SSY increases by 3–60 times during Extreme El Niño Events (EENE) compared to normal years. During EENE, 82% to 97% of the annual SSY occurs from January to April. We explain this effect by a sharp increase in river water discharge due to high precipitation rates and transport capacity during EENE. Indeed, sediments accumulate in the mountain and piedmont areas during dry normal years, and are then rapidly mobilized during EENE years. The effect of EENE on SSY depends on the topography, as it is maximum for catchments located in the North of Peru (3–7°S), exhibiting a concave up hypsometric curve, and minimum for catchments in the South (7–18°S), with a concave down hypsometric curve. These findings highlight how the sediment transport of different topographies can respond in very different ways to large climate variability.

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“…As shown above, suspended matter from the Maroni, the Orinoco and the Amazon (Armijos et al, 2013a;Armijos et al, 2013b), in addition to other internal sedimentary processes that may take place in the floodplain areas (Dunne et al, 1998;Meade et al, 1985;Santini et al, 2015;Vauchel et al, 2017). Although specific hydrological processes in the floodplains may alter the univocal…”

Section: Implication For Paleoclimate Reconstructionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…The Solimões and Madeira Rivers are the two main tributaries of the Amazon River issued from the Andean mountains ( Figure 1). Together, these two rivers account for approximately 64% of the total water discharge (Moquet et al, 2016) and almost the entire sediment load annually delivered by the Amazon (Armijos et al, 2013a;Armijos et al, 2013b;Filizola et al, 2011;Laraque et al, 2013a;Laraque et al, 2013b;Moquet et al, 2016).…”

Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

Controls on the geochemistry of suspended sediments from large tropical South American rivers (Amazon, Orinoco and Maroni)

et al. 2019

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We report mineralogical, elemental (major and trace elements) and SrNd isotopic data for suspended particulate matter (SPM) samples from the Amazon, Orinoco and Maroni Rivers collected on a monthly basis over a one-year long hydrological cycle. The aim of this study was i) to characterize the mineralogical and geochemical composition of major South American tropical rivers and ii) to evaluate the effect of seasonal hydroclimate variations and changes in sediment discharge on the composition of these SPM. In addition to displaying particular mineralogical and geochemical signatures (e.g. Al/Si ratios, weathering indices), the Amazon, Orinoco and Maroni SPM are characterized by marked differences in 87Sr/86Sr (0.7213 ± 0.0030, 0.7288 ± 0.0018 and 0.7335 ± 0.0019, respectively), and εNd values (−10.6 ± 0.6, −14.1 ± 0.3 and −23.7 ± 1.2), which reflect differences in source rock lithology. While we find no effect of the hydrological cycle on the geochemistry of Orinoco SPM, particulate εNd and Cr/Th signatures fluctuate with the hydrological cycle in the Maroni basin, indicating that they are controlled by variation in rainfall distribution linked to the latitudinal migration of the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ). In contrast to Maroni and Orinoco SPM, the Amazon SPM are characterized by significant Sr isotope annual variability correlated with suspended sediments discharge and a small but significant Nd isotopic variability over the year. This latter variation is related to seasonal changes in the rainfall distribution patterns across the Amazon basin, associated with latitudinal migrations of the ITCZ. This suggests that the geochemical composition of the SPM exported over the year from the Amazon Basin faithfully responds to hydroclimate changes related associated with the migration of the rain belt over regions of contrasted geochemical signatures. These findings have implications for the application of Sr and Nd isotopes as provenance proxies in sedimentary archives and paleoclimatic studies. The Sr isotopic composition of exported SPM appears to be mostly controlled by weathering processes and/or mineralogical sorting, rather than being indicative of sediment provenance. In contrast, the relationship documented between Nd isotopes and the Highlights ► Distinct SPM geochemical signatures exported by tropical South American rivers. ► Control of source rock lithology and hydrological cycles on these SPM signatures. ► Potential applications for provenance study and past hydroclimate changes.

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Yields of suspended sediment and dissolved solids from the Andean basins of Ecuador

Cited by 18 publications

References 28 publications

Amazon River dissolved load: temporal dynamics and annual budget from the Andes to the ocean

Amazon River dissolved load: temporal dynamics and annual budget from the Andes to the ocean

The impact of extreme El Niño events on modern sediment transport along the western Peruvian Andes (1968–2012)

Controls on the geochemistry of suspended sediments from large tropical South American rivers (Amazon, Orinoco and Maroni)

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