Yield Stability of Cassava During Prolonged Mid-Season Water Stress

El‐Sharkawy, Mabrouk A.; Hernández, Anna Del Pilar; Hershey, Clair H.

doi:10.1017/s0014479700019608

Cited by 63 publications

(78 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…The pattern of storage root bulking under the different conditions indicates that in cassava, dry matter is partitioned for root elongation compared to expansion under stress. This corroborates the findings of ElSharkawy et al [30] who reported that cassava extends its roots to lower soil depths for moisture extraction under stress conditions. Storage root length: girth ratio was found to be negatively correlated with storage root yield, indicating that elongation of storage roots to lower depths could be detrimental to yield.…”

Section: Pattern Of Storage Root Bulkingsupporting

confidence: 92%

Genetic variability in storage root bulking of cassava genotypes under irrigation and no irrigation

et al. 2016

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Background: Early bulking in cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) is a very important trait in semi-arid ecologies of the tropics. Farmers tend to select early-maturing cassava varieties to escape terminal drought and destruction by domestic animals during the dry season. However, early harvesting is associated with yield penalty due to unavailability of high-yielding early-maturing cassava varieties. In order to develop early-bulking cassava varieties for the savanna ecologies, this study was carried out to assess genetic variation in the pattern of storage root bulking and as well as traits associated with early storage root bulking under moisture stress and well-watered conditions. Methods:Twenty cassava genotypes were arranged in a randomised complete block design with three replications under irrigation and no irrigation. The genotypes were sequentially harvested at 6, 8, 10 and 12 months after planting to study their pattern of dry matter accumulation. Irrigation water was supplied using a drip irrigation system with a discharge capacity of 1.6 l/h.Results: Analysis of variance indicated significant effect of genotype, harvesting time and irrigation on most of the yield traits studied. The interaction between genotype and irrigation effect was significant for all traits except mean storage root weight, storage root girth, storage root length and storage root dry matter content. Apart from storage root girth and storage root dry matter content, genotype × harvesting time interaction was not significant. Pearson correlation analysis of root yield at different times showed significant positive correlation between early storage root yield and final root yield indicating the possibility of selecting early-bulking genotypes with high yield potential. Conclusion:The study indicated that dry matter is partitioned more for root elongation than expansion in root girth under moisture stress conditions compared with irrigation, resulting in high storage root length: girth ratio. This ratio can be used to study the pattern of photosynthates accumulation in cassava roots under stress conditions. The study helped to provide improved understanding of the genetic basis and the mechanism of storage root bulking in cassava under moisture stress conditions, which can be exploited to develop high-yielding cassava varieties for droughtprone areas to ensure food security.

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Section: Pattern Of Storage Root Bulkingsupporting

confidence: 92%

Genetic variability in storage root bulking of cassava genotypes under irrigation and no irrigation

et al. 2016

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“…Plant Physiol, 18(4): 2006 practical impact of physiological research on crop breeding for tolerance to drought. Most notably, breeding for various crops under water-limited environments including wheat in Australia, cowpea in India and Africa, sorghum and wheat in Israel, maize in Mexico, and cassava in tropical Africa and Latin America (Fischer and Turner, 1978;Richards and Passioura, 1981a,b;Morgan, 1984;Turner, 1986a;Blum and Sullivan, 1986;Blum, 1988Blum, , 1990Blum, , 1993Cock and El-Sharkawy, 1988;Blum et al, 1989;Blum and Pnuel, 1990;Sedgely and Belford, 1991;Fukuda et al, 1992Fukuda et al, -1993El-Sharkawy et al, 1992b;Hershey and Jennings, 1992;Bolaños and Edmeads, 1993a,b;Bolaños et al, 1993;Whan et al, 1993;El-Sharkawy, 1993Madeley, 1994;de Tafur et al, 1997;Richards, 2000;El-Sharkawy and Cadavid, 2002;Hall, 2004).…”

Section: Photosynthesis and Its Relation To Crop Productivity: Some Ementioning

confidence: 99%

Utility of basic research in plant/crop physiology in relation to crop improvement: a review and a personal account

El‐Sharkawy

2006

Braz. J. Plant Physiol.

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Utilidade da pesquisa básica em fisiologia vegetal e em fisiologia da produção em relação ao melhoramento das culturas: uma revisão e uma análise pessoal: A pesquisa e o desenvolvimento agrícola têm função essencial no desenvolvimento econômico das nações, provendo segurança alimentar para uma população em constante crescimento demográfico. Em países desenvolvidos, as lacunas entre a produção potencial e a produção real são sobremodo estreitas, devido a uma combinação de tecnologias avançadas, novas variedades altamente produtivas e aplicação de agroquímicos em sistemas de produção altamente mecanizados. Na maioria daqueles países, a produção agrícola supera a demanda nacional, resultando em excedentes para a exportação. Em muitos países em desenvolvimento, entretanto, a produtividade agrícola está ainda muito abaixo de seu potencial devido a limitações técnicas e sócio-econômicas. Déficit alimentar é a norma em países pobres e subdesenvolvidos, os quais requerem vultosas importações de alimentos. Para aliviar parcialmente essa situação, pesquisas de cunho agrícola devem ser reforçadas. Como ramos das ciências básicas, a fisiologia vegetal e a fisiologia da produção têm sido freqüentemente criticadas por não traduzirem seus resultados de pesquisa em melhoria da produtividade. Este artigo é focado nesse tema, apresentando uma avaliação das realizações pretéritas da pesquisa fisiológica e de seus impactos sobre o melhoramento das culturas e sobre a produção de alimentos. Discutem-se deficiências e limitações de pesquisas isoladas e de pouca relevância, juntamente com opiniões do cientista sobre como pesquisas efetivas na área da fisiologia devem ser conduzidas e integradas dentro de equipes de pesquisa multidisciplinares associadas ao melhoramento vegetal. Exemplos de pesquisas de sucesso na fisiologia da produção e suas contribuições para aumentar a produtividade agrícola são apresentados. Todos esses aspectos apontam para a necessidade de pronto financiamento da pesquisa básica por setores públicos e privados de países desenvolvidos. Palavras-chave: agricultura, ecofisiologia, ecossistemas, estresse hídrico, fotoperíodo, fotossíntese C 4 , hormônios, melhoramento, produtividade, solo, tolerância à seca Agricultural research and development plays an essential role in a nation s economic development, providing for food security for an ever-increasing population. In developed countries, the gap between potential and actual yield is largely closed because of a combination of advanced technologies, high-yielding new varieties and the application of agrochemicals in highly mechanized production systems. In most of these countries, agricultural production exceeds national demand, resulting in excess products for export. In many of the developing countries, however, agricultural productivity is still far below what it should be because of multiple technical and socio-economic constraints. Food deficits are the norm in poor and middle-income countries, requiring expensive food imports. To partially alleviate this situati...

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“…However, for the purpose of precise water applications, it is essential to understand fully cassava's response to water deficit as well as to define water use and its regulations under different field conditions. Several studies reporting the response of cassava to water stress have been carried out on plants grown in large pots in the open , under a controlled environment such as screen or glass house (Alves and Setter, 2000) or under field conditions where water exclusion is artificial by covering the soil with plastic sheets Connor and Palta, 1981;El-Sharkawy and Cock, 1987;El-Sharkawy et al, 1992;El-Sharkawy and Cadavid, 2002). The results of such experiments need confirmation and calibration for the natural environmental conditions under which plants develop .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previous studies have shown that cassava responds to drought by closing its stomata apparatus to reduce transpiration, which acts to protect leaf tissues from turgor loss and desiccation (Connor and Palta, 1981;ElSharkawy and Cock, 1984;El-Sharkawy et al, 1992;El-Sharkawy, 1993;Alves and Setter, 2000). Reductions in apparent photosynthesis and leaf transpiration have also been attributed to decreases in leaf conductance in response to increasing humidity deficit under well-watered and stressed conditions in potted plants grown outdoors as well as in field-grown crops (ElSharkawy and Cock, 1984;El-Sharkawy, 1990, 2006De Tafur et al, 1997).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental regulation and modelling of cassava canopy conductance under drying root‐zone soil water

Oguntunde

Alatise

2007

Meteorological Applications

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Sap flow was measured, with Granier-type sensors, in a crop of field-grown water-stressed cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) in Ghana, West Africa. The main objective of this study was to examine the environmental control of canopy conductance (g c ) with a view to modelling the stomatal control of water transport under water-stressed condition. Weather variables measured concurrently with sap flow were: air temperature (T a ), relative humidity (RH ), wind speed (u) and solar radiation (R s ). Relationship between canopy conductance (g c ) and vapour pressure deficit (D ε ) was curvilinear while no specific pattern was observed with R s . Average diurnal g c decreased from 3.0 ± 0.6 to 0.7 ± 0.4 mm s −1 between 0730 and 2000 h local time (= GMT) each day. A Jarvis-type model, based on a set of environmental control functions, was parameterized for the cassava crop in this study. Model results demonstrated that g c was estimated with a high degree of accuracy based on R s , T a , and D ε (r 2 = 0.92; F = 809.2; P < 0.0001). D ε explained about 90% (F = 2129.7; P < 0.0001) of the variations observed in g c , whereas both R s and T a contributed about 2% of the explained variance in g c . The aerodynamic conductance (g a ) was very high compared to g c , leading to a daily average ratio g a /g c > 100 and a decoupling factor< 0.1. Cross-validation analysis revealed a consistent good performance (r 2 > 0.85) of the g c model with D ε as the only independent environmental variable.

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Yield Stability of Cassava During Prolonged Mid-Season Water Stress

Cited by 63 publications

References 14 publications

Genetic variability in storage root bulking of cassava genotypes under irrigation and no irrigation

Genetic variability in storage root bulking of cassava genotypes under irrigation and no irrigation

Utility of basic research in plant/crop physiology in relation to crop improvement: a review and a personal account

Environmental regulation and modelling of cassava canopy conductance under drying root‐zone soil water

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