Yield-scaled N₂O and CH₄ emissions as affected by combined application of stabilized nitrogen fertilizer and pig manure in rice fields

Abstract

A field experiment was conducted to study the effects of stabilized nitrogen fertilizer combined with pig manure on rice yield and nitrous oxide (N<sub>2</sub>O) and methane (CH<sub>4</sub>) emissions. Four treatments were established: urea (U); pig manure (PM); PM and urea (PM + U); PM and stabilized nitrogen fertilizer (urea plus 1% NBPT (N-(n-butyl) thiophosphoric triamide), 1% PPD (phenylphosphorodiamidate) and 2% DMPP (3,4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate)) (PM + U + I). In this study, compared with PM, PM + U significantly increased cumulative N<sub>2</sub>O emission, but PM + U + I showed no significant difference from PM on N<sub>2</sub>O cumulative emission, indicating that stabilized nitrogen fertilizer combined with PM is effective at reducing N<sub>2</sub>O emissions. The cumulative emission of CH<sub>4</sub> from PM + U + I treatment was significantly lower than that from PM and PM + U, indicating that stabilized nitrogen fertilizer combined with PM can effectively reduce CH<sub>4</sub> emissions as well. The yields of PM + U and PM + U + I were not significantly different from those of U and PM, indicating that local conventional nitrogen application and returns of PM can provide sufficient nitrogen for rice growth. For yield-scaled emissions (YSE), PM was the highest, while PM + U + I significantly decreased YSE. Concomitant application of stabilized nitrogen fertilizer can achieve the goal of reducing YSE when PM is returned to the field.

Potential application of urease and nitrification inhibitors to mitigate emissions from the livestock sector: a review

“…without DCD application. The application of NBPT, phosphoroamide (PPD), and DMPP together with pig manure resulted in significantly reduced cumulative CH4 emissions, because the addition of inhibitors further influenced the existing forms of nitrogen, which is beneficial to the growth of methanotrophic organisms and results in increased CH4 oxidation [57]. Anaerobic conditions may prolong DCD persistence, and although the reasons for this are unclear, DCD degradation is unlikely to occur under anaerobic conditions [53].…”

Effects of Corn Stalks and Urea on N2O Production from Corn Field Soil

“…N2O concentration was analyzed with a gas chromatograph (Agilent 7890B, Gas Chromatograph, Wilmington, DE, USA). The N2O accumulation was calculated by summing the products of the average of the N2O accumulation of two adjacent single days by their interval time [10]. The content of 15 N-N2O was determined by a Gasbench-IRMS system (Thermofisher, Waltham, MA, USA).…”

“…The content of 15 N-N2O was determined by a Gasbench-IRMS system (Thermofisher, Waltham, MA, USA). The soil NH4 + -N and NO3 --N were extracted with 2 mol L −1 KCl solution [10], filtered, and analyzed with a continuous flow analyzer (AA3, Bran + Luebbe, Norderstedt, Germany). The extraction of soil 15 N-NH4 + -N and 15 N-NO3 --N was as described in Yu et al [25].…”

“…Therefore, a comprehensive understanding of N2O emission from agricultural soils is crucial for the formulation of reasonable emission reduction strategies. However, most studies on N2O emissions from agricultural soils have been conducted in temperate or humid ecosystems where water and nutrients are not scarce, while there are relatively few studies on N2O production in arid areas [4,10]. As one of the world's largest agricultural countries, China produces 21% of the world's corn [11].…”

Effect of a urea and urease/nitrification inhibitor combination on rice straw hydrolysis and nutrient turnover on rice growth

“…There is a great potential of straw to be combined with stabilized fertilizer; however there has been a need for research in this area. Stabilized fertilizers refers to fertilizers with urease inhibitors and/or nitrification inhibitors added during the production process (Wu et al 2019).…”