Yield formation of CO2-enriched hybrid rice cultivar Shanyou 63 under fully open-air field conditions

Regional disparities in the beneficial effects of rising CO2 concentrations on crop water productivity

“…Figure S4 includes data at additional sites reporting only on either yield or water use, for which we could not derive data on CWP. These include one additional site for rice at Ibaraki, Japan (Zhang et al, 2013) and two additional sites for wheat at Jiangsu and Beijing, China (Liu et al, 2008, Yang et al, 2006, 2009. We also collected additional data for soybean (Morgan et al, 2005), rice (Kim et al, 2003, Shimono et al, 2008 and wheat (Cai et al, 2015, Han et al, 2015 at the sites reported in Table S1.…”

Effects of elevated [CO2] on stem and root lodging among rice cultivars

“…In addition, an improved carbohydrate supply to growing internodes may also enhance bending strength because the structural carbohydrate (cellulose and lignin) concentrations increased at the lowest internodes under elevated [CO 2 ] [23]. Theoretically, elevated [CO 2 ] might be expected to promote growth (biomass weight and ANOVA results are shown in inset: ns, not significant (P > 0.05); *, 0.01 ≤ P ≤ 0.05; **, P < 0.01. height), which increased the plant's mass moment, and thus increases the lodging risk if the increase of bending strong is not enough (an increased ratio of self-weight mass moment to bending strength) [3][4][5]. Elevated [CO 2 ] was found to decrease the lodging index of variety Akitakomachi [8] and of 9311 (Figure 4).…”

“…Lodging is accelerated by heavier panicles and longer culms, which increases the plant's mass moment (mass multiplied by distance from the point of attachment). Elevated [CO 2 ] has been shown to increase the rate of grain filling and the final weight of the panicles as a result of increased panicle size [3,4]. During the grain-filling period, panicle weight under…”

“…Because the current atmospheric [CO 2 ] is less than optimal for photosynthesis, globally rising elevated [CO 2 ] promotes growth and enhances yield of C 3 crop [2][3][4]. Rice is one of the most important staple foods for human nutrition [5], and taking advantage of elevated [CO 2 ] for increasing yield is essential to ensure food security.…”

“…We chose 4 rice cultivars (Oryza sativa L.): 86 You 8 Hao (86Y8, a japonica hybrid), Liang You Pei Jiu (LYP9, a two-line indica hybrid), variety 9311 (a type of indica inbred rice), and Shanyou 63 (SY63, a three-line indica hybrid), which was based on prior testing for response to elevated [CO 2 ]: SY63 appeared to have a strong growth response [3], LYP9 appeared to have moderate growth response [4], cultivars 9311 and 86Y8 have never been tested.…”