Ridge and furrow planting (RFP) is a rainwater harvesting system that improves the yield and water use e ciency (WUE) of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) and other crops. Field experiments were performed to study the e ects of RFP under non-or singleirrigated (NI and SI) alfalfa production on yield, WUE, evapotranspiration (ET), soil water, and forage growth from 2010 to 2011. ree planting treatments were used, at bed, bare ridge, and plastic mulch ridge in the NI and SI elds that were referred to as FPNI, BRNI, and MRNI; and FPSI, BRSI, and MRSI, respectively. For the NI eld, BRNI and MRNI signi cantly increased the total forage yield in the 2 yr combined by 14 and 53%; and WUE by 17 and 74% compared with FPNI, respectively. e MRNI signi cantly increased the 2-yr combined yield by 34% and WUE by 55% compared with BRNI. ere were no signi cant di erences in the ET over the 2 yr among the three treatments. For the SI eld, BRSI and MRSI signi cantly increased the total forage yield over the 2 yr by 53 and 107%; and WUE by 54 and 120% compared with FPSI, respectively. e MRSI signi cantly increased the yield over the 2 yr by 34% and WUE by 44% compared with BRNI. Only the ET value from the MRSI treatment was signi cantly lower than that from the FPSI or BRSI. erefore, MRSI could improve the yield and WUE in alfalfa, with MRNI another option under rain-fed conditions. ).Abbreviations: BR, bare ridge planting; BRNI, bare ridge planting for nonirrigation; BRSI, bare ridge planting with single irrigation; CC, canopy cover; CSW, critical soil water storage; ET, evapotranspiration; FC, fi eld capacity; FP, fl at bed planting; FPNI, fl at bed planting for non-irrigation; FPSI, fl at bed planting with single irrigation; MR, plastic mulch on ridge planting; MRNI, plastic mulch on ridge planting for non-irrigation; MRSI, plastic mulch on ridge planting with single irrigation; NI, non-irrigated; RFP, ridge and furrow planting; SI, single irrigated: TDR, time domain refl ectometry; VPD, vapor pressure defi cit; WP, wilting point; WUE, water use effi ciency.