Yield and water use efficiency of pulses seeded directly into standing stubble in the semiarid Canadian Prairie

Cutforth, H. W.; McConkey, B.G.; Ulrich, D.; Miller, Perry R.; Angadi, Sangamesh V.

doi:10.4141/p01-111

Cited by 65 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 12 publications

(16 reference statements)

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“…Average daily total incoming solar radiation measured at about 7.5 cm above the soil surface was lowest for the tall stubble (about 21% lower before flowering; about 38% lower after flowering) compared with the cultivated stubble. These results were similar to those we and others have reported previously, although the reduction in solar radiation by the canolastanding stubble treatments was twice as large as the reduction by the spring wheat-standing stubble treatments (Aase and Siddoway 1980;Caprio et al 1985;Cutforth and McConkey 1997;Cutforth et al 2002a). Canola seedlings and plants are much larger than wheat.…”

Section: Microclimatesupporting

confidence: 81%

“…Similar to previous results, (Cutforth and McConkey 1997;Cutforth et al 2002a), the microclimate effects of short stubble were intermediate to those for cultivated and tall stubble and thus, for clarity, were not presented here. Before and after flowering, the average daily wind speeds were greater over the cultivated stubble than over the tall stubble (200 cm wind speeds before flowering were different at P = 0.058).…”

Section: Microclimatesupporting

confidence: 75%

“…However, in these studies, wheat (Cutforth and McConkey 1997) and pulses (Cutforth et al 2002a) seeded into tall stubble had more than 10% higher grain yield and WUE compared with wheat or pulses seeded into cultivated stubble. Yield and WUE for wheat or pulses seeded into short stubble were intermediate to yields from the tall and cultivated stubble treatments.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The amount of snow trapped is directly proportional to stubble height (Aase and Siddoway 1980;McConkey et al 1997;Steppuhn 1994). Standing cereal stubble also reduces evaporation of soil water (Caprio et al 1985;Cutforth and McConkey 1997;Cutforth et al 2002a) effectively making more water available to the crop. Further, standing stubble creates a more favorable microclimate for crops by reducing wind, solar radiation, and evaporative demand for water (Aase and Siddoway 1980;Cutforth and McConkey 1997;Cutforth et al 2002a).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Standing stubble alters the microclimate, with the magnitude of the alterations dependent upon stubble height (Cutforth and McConkey 1997;Cutforth et al 2002a). Whereas information is available on the benefit of tall stubble on yields of spring wheat and pulses, the same is not true for canola.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Stubble management and microclimate, yield and water use efficiency of canola grown in the semiarid Canadian prairie

Cutforth¹,

Angadi²,

McConkey³

2006

Can. J. Plant Sci.

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Cutforth, H. W., Angadi, S. V. and McConkey, B. G. 2006. Stubble management and microclimate, yield and water use efficiency of canola grown in the semiarid Canadian prairie. Can. J. Plant Sci. 86: 99-107. Standing stubble traps snow and creates a favorable microclimate, which increases yields in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and pulses [chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.), field pea (Pisum sativum L.) and lentil (Lens culinaris L.)]. Generally, the taller the stubble the greater is the effect on microclimate and yield. A field study using farm-scale seeding and harvesting equipment was conducted over four seasons (1999 to 2002) to assess the effect of stubble management on the microclimate, water use and seed yield of argentine canola (Brassica napus L. 'Arrow') in the semiarid prairie surrounding Swift Current. Tall (30 cm), short (15 cm) and cultivated stubble treatments were deployed in fall and in spring. An additional tall stubble treatment with extra fertilizer N (application rate recommended for the Black soil zone in the subhumid prairie) was included to assess the role of fertilizer in canola response to stubble management practices. The differences in wind velocity, soil temperature and solar radiation reaching the soil surface indicated significant modification of the microclimate by tall compared with cultivated stubble. Yields were highest from the tall stubble receiving extra fertilizer. Further research is needed to determine optimum fertilizer rates to maximize canola yields in the semiarid prairie. For treatments receiving equivalent rates of fertilizer, tall stubble increased seed yield of canola by about 24% and water use efficiency (WUE) by about 19% compared with stubble cultivated in the fall. Comparing between stubble treatments deployed on fields that overwintered as tall stubble and which received equivalent rates of fertilizer, tall stubble increased canola yield by about 16% and WUE by about 11% compared with cultivated stubble. Crop water use was not affected by stubble management so the increased grain production was due to increased WUE. . En général, plus haut est le chaume, meilleurs sont ses effets sur le microclimat et le rendement. Les auteurs ont procédé à une étude sur le terrain en recourant à de l'équipement commercial pour les semis et la récolte; l'étude a duré quatre saisons (de 1999 à 2002) et devait servir à évaluer l'incidence de la gestion du chaume sur le microclimat, l'utilisation de l'eau et le rendement grainier du canola argentin (Brassica napus L. cv Arrow) dans la région semi-aride des Prairies qui entoure Swift Current. À cette fin, les auteurs ont recouru à du chaume élevé (30 cm), du chaume court (15 cm) et du chaume cultivé à l'automne et au printemps. Ils ont aussi examiné un autre traitement consistant en du chaume élevé avec application d'engrais N supplémentaire (au taux recommandé pour les sols noirs dans la zone sub-humide des Prairies) de manière à évaluer le rôle de l'engrais dans la réaction du canola aux pratiques de gestion du chaume. Les variations...

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Section: Microclimatesupporting

confidence: 81%

Section: Microclimatesupporting

confidence: 75%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Stubble management and microclimate, yield and water use efficiency of canola grown in the semiarid Canadian prairie

Cutforth¹,

Angadi²,

McConkey³

2006

Can. J. Plant Sci.

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Soil water and crop water use with crop rotations and cultural practices

et al. 2020

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Limited and erratic precipitation in arid and semiarid regions can affect soil water storage, water use, and dryland crop performance. Our objective was to examine soil water content, crop yield, and water-use efficiency (WUE) with crop rotations and cultural practices for 6 yr in the northern Great Plains. Crop rotations were durum wheat (or durum) (Triticum turgidum L.)−durum−canola (Brassica napus L.)−pea (Pisum sativum L.) (DDCP), durum−durum−flax (Linum usitatissimum L.)−pea (DDFP), durum−canola−durum−pea (DCDP), and durum−flax−durum−pea (DFDP). A continuous durum (CD) was also included for comparison. Cultural practices were traditional (a combination of conventional tillage, recommended seeding rate, broadcast N fertilization, and reduced stubble height) and improved (a combination of no-tillage, increased seeding rate, banded N fertilization, and increased stubble height) practices. Pre-plant and postharvest soil water contents at the 0-to 122-cm depth were 19−39 mm lower with DDFP than other crop rotations. Pre-plant soil water was 21−39 mm greater in the improved than the traditional cultural practice in 3 out of 6 yr. Annualized grain yield was 207−370 kg ha −1 lower with DDFP than CD and DCDP. Overall water use and WUE (yield/water use) for the rotation system were not affected by treatments, but varied for each crop as the growing season precipitation (GSP) increased. Pre-plant and postharvest soil water, water use, grain yield, and WUE for each crop in the rotation varied with treatments and years. Alternate-year rotations and CD can enhance dryland soil water storage and crop yield compared to stacked rotations.

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Wheat stubble height effects on subsequent corn and grain sorghum crops

et al. 2023

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For sustainable productivity, a winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)-summer crop (corn [Zea mays L.] or grain sorghum [Sorghum bicolor L.])-fallow (W-SC-F) cropping system could benefit from optimal wheat stubble cutting height management, but only limited information is available. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of wheat stubble height on subsequent corn and grain sorghum yields, available soil water, crop water use, and precipitation storage efficiency in a W-C-F and W-S-F cropping system. This study was conducted from 2006 through 2020 at the Kansas State University Southwest Research-Extension Center near Tribune, KS. The experimental design was a randomized complete block with three wheat stubble heights (high, low, and strip). Average across all years, there was a 9%-10% corn yield and 7%-11% corn biomass advantage from high and stripper harvested wheat stubble compared with low cut stubble, and a 5% sorghum yield advantage from high cut stubble compared with low cut stubble. Kernel weight of corn was the only yield component that significantly differed among stubble height treatments. Water productivity of corn in the high and stripper harvested stubble treatments (15.3 kg ha −1 mm −1 ) was significantly greater compared with the low cut stubble (14 kg ha −1 mm −1 ). Water productivity of sorghum in the high cut stubble treatment (18.9 kg ha −1 mm −1 ) was also significantly greater compared with low cut stubble (17.7 kg ha −1 mm −1 ). Total available soil water at planting (ASWP) and available soil water at harvest (ASWH) of corn were both greater for high cut stubble compared with stripper harvested stubble but total ASWP and ASWH of grain sorghum were not significantly different among stubble height treatments. We concluded that low cut wheat stubble decreased subsequent corn and grain sorghum yields in a W-C/S-F cropping system.

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Yield and water use efficiency of pulses seeded directly into standing stubble in the semiarid Canadian Prairie

Cited by 65 publications

References 12 publications

Stubble management and microclimate, yield and water use efficiency of canola grown in the semiarid Canadian prairie

Stubble management and microclimate, yield and water use efficiency of canola grown in the semiarid Canadian prairie

Soil water and crop water use with crop rotations and cultural practices

Wheat stubble height effects on subsequent corn and grain sorghum crops

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