Yield and Soil Fertility Trends in a 20-Year Rice–Rice–Wheat Experiment in Nepal

Regmi, A. P.; Ladha, J. K.; Pathak, Himanshu; Pasuquin, Estela Magbujos; Bueno, Crisanta Sunio; Dawe, D.; Hobbs, Peter; Joshy, D.; Maskey, S. L.; Pandey, Suprabha

doi:10.2136/sssaj2002.0857

Cited by 81 publications

(40 citation statements)

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“…The rice ( Oryza sativa L.)–wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) (RW) cropping system occupies about 13.5 million hectares of the Indo‐Gangetic Plains (IGP) and contributes to the employment, income and livelihood of millions of people in the region (Regmi et al ., ; Jat et al ., ). In this system, rice is grown in summer by transplanting seedlings into puddled (wet tillage) soil and wheat is grown in the winter season.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soil organic carbon changes after seven years of conservation agriculture in a rice–wheat system of the eastern Indo‐Gangetic Plains

Sapkota

Jat

Singh

et al. 2017

Soil Use and Management

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Sequestration of soil organic carbon (SOC) is an important strategy to improve soil quality and to mitigate climate change. To investigate changes in SOC under conservation agriculture (CA), we measured SOC concentrations after seven years of rice (Oryza sativa L.)-wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) rotations in the eastern Indo-Gangetic Plains (IGP) of India under various combinations of tillage and crop establishment methods. The six treatments were as follows: conventional till transplanted rice followed by conventional till wheat (CTR-CTW), CTR followed by zero-till wheat (CTR-ZTW), ZT direct-seeded rice followed by CTW (ZTDSR-CTW), ZTDSR followed by ZT wheat both on permanent raised beds with residue (PBDSR-PBW+R), and ZTDSR followed by ZTW both with (ZTDSR-ZTW+R) and without residues (ZTDSR-ZTW). We hypothesized that CA systems (i.e. ZT with residue retention) would sequester more carbon (C) than CT. After seven years, ZTDSR-ZTW+R and PBDSR-PBW+R increased SOC at 0-0.6 m depth by 4.7 and 3.0 t C/ha, respectively, whereas the CTR-CTW system resulted in a decrease in SOC of 0.9 t C/ha. Over the same soil depth, ZT without residue retention (ZTDSR-ZTW) only increased SOC by 1.1 t C/ha. There was no increase in SOC where ZT in either rice or wheat was followed by CT in the next crop (i.e. CTR-ZTW and ZTDSR-CTW), most likely because the benefit of ZT is lost when followed by tillage. Tillage and crop establishment methods had no significant effect on the SOC stock below the 0.15-m soil layer. Over the seven years, the total carbon input from above-ground residues was ca. 14.5 t/ha in ZTDSR-ZTW+R and PBDSR-PBW+R, almost sixfold greater than in the other systems. Our findings suggest that the increased biomass production achieved through a combination of ZT and partial residue retention offers an opportunity to increase SOC whilst allowing residues to be used for other purposes.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soil organic carbon changes after seven years of conservation agriculture in a rice–wheat system of the eastern Indo‐Gangetic Plains

Sapkota

Jat

Singh

et al. 2017

Soil Use and Management

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“…To feed the increased population of Bangladesh, there is no option but to manage crop residue properly. A few studies concerning specific aspect of crop residues have been performed by different researchers which are: Shafi et al (2007) reported that crop residues incorporation significantly increased grain yield of maize compared with the residues removed treatment; Burgess et al (2002) reported that the production of maize returns large amounts of residues to the soil at the harvest and improves soil quality; Pretty et al (2002) explored the possibility of using of plant products such as crop residue (e.g., maize cobs, cereal straw, rice husks) or wastes (e.g., chicken manure) for combustion in electricity generation through smallscale gas turbines among potential fields to explore for this purpose; Krishna et al (2004) conducted study on rice residue management options and effects on soil properties and crop productivity and found that proper management of residues can warrant the improvements in soil physical, chemical and biological properties and sustain productivity of rice-wheat cropping system; Singh et al (1998) reported that retaining crop residue often improves the capacity of soil to store water and could be improve crop yield; Larson et al (1972) showed that different types of crop residues such as maize stover, oat straw, alfalfa, saw dust and brome grass had highly effects on soil organic matter content; Latham (1997) found that crop residues are also used for other purposes, such as to provide vital livestock feeds during long dry seasons, fuel and construction material; Regmi et al(2002) found that introduction of crop residue in the soil offers the best means to restore carbon in agriculture soils; Timsina et al (2010) reported that the establishment of maize after rice with reduced or no tillage and retaining of crop residues, could help to conserve soil organic matter and maintain soil fertility if improved nutrient management is practiced.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An economic study on maize residue practices in Dinajpur district

Uddin

Goswami

2017

J Bangladesh Agric Univ

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The study was conducted to examine the maize residue practices and its impact on productivity, profitability on succeeding crop and farmers' livelihood. A total of 60 farmers from Ghoraghat upazila of Dinajpur district were selected randomly for data collection. Descriptive statistics (i.e., sum, average, percentages, ratios, etc.), profitability analysis and logit model were employed to achieve the objectives. In case of pattern of maize residue retention, whole retention method was the highest and it was 78.2 percent. The whole retention of maize residue was found higher in far distance plots from homestead and it was 82.8 percent. The highest utilization of maize residue was identified as organic fertilizer and it was 82.2 percent. Due to maize residue practices, both crop and livestock were benefited through resource interdependences. The productivity, profitability and annual income of succeeding crop i.e., Aman rice were higher due to maize residue practicing. The result of logit regression model shows that the farm size, age of household head, farm income and non-farm income were found as significant variables in explaining the maize residue adoption. The access on human capital, social capital, financial capital, natural capital and physical capital were increased by 23.5, 22.7, 26.7, 10.6 and 18.8 percent, respectively due to the practice of maize residue in comparison to traditional farming. The study recommended that farmers could enhance their livelihood if they get proper training facilities and extension services for maize residue management.

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“…However, productivity and profitability are quite low despite of the fact that a doubling of the crop production in the next 25 years is required to meet Nepal's estimated population growth (NARC 1995, Hobbs and Morris 1996, Kshteri 2010. Increasing the productivity of land through intensive cropping system depletes nutrient reserves of the soil at faster rate (Regmi et al 2003) while unbalanced fertilizer application may disturb nutrient availability to crops, leading to a reduction in yield (Nambiar 1994, Yadav et al 2000. Improving productivity and increasing cropping intensity to sustain yields and meet the future food needs requires adequate soil fertility (Regmi et al 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wheat Yield Trend and Soil Fertility Status in Long Term Rice-Rice-Wheat Cropping System

Rawal¹,

Chalise²,

Tripathi³

et al. 2016

J. Nep. Agric. Res. Counc.

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A long-term soil fertility experiment under rice-rice-wheat system was performed to evaluate the long term effects of inorganic fertilizer and manure applications on soil properties and grain yield of wheat. The experiment began since 1978 was laid out in randomized complete block design with 9 treatments replicated 3 times. From 1990 onwards, periodic modifications have been made in all the treatments splitting the plots in two equal halves of 4 x 3 m2 leaving one half as original. In the original treatments, recent data revealed that the use of Farm Yard Manure (FYM) @10 t ha-1 gave significantly (P≤0.05) higher yield of 2.3 t ha-1 in wheat, whereas control plot gave the lowest grain yield of 277 kg ha-1. Similarly, in the modified treatments, the use of FYM @10 t ha-1 along with inorganic Nitrogen (N) and Potassium oxide (K2O) @ 50 kg ha-1 produced significantly (P≤0.05) the highest yield of 2.4 t/ha in wheat. The control plot with an indigenous nutrient supply only produced wheat yield of 277 kg ha-1 after 35th year completion of rice-rice-wheat system. A sharp decline in wheat yields was noted in minus N, phosphorus (P), Potassium (K) treatments during recent years. Yields were consistently higher in the N:P2O5:K2O and FYM treatments than in treatments, where one or more nutrients were lacking. The application of P2O5 and K2O caused a partial recovery of yield in P and K deficient plots. There was significant (P≤0.05) effect of use of chemical fertilizers and manure on soil properties. The soil analysis data showed an improvement in soil pH (7.8), soil organic matter (4.1%), total N content (0.16%), available P (503.5 kg P2O5 ha-1) and exchangeable K (137.5 kg K2O ha-1) in FYM applied treatments over all other treatments. The findings showed that the productivity of the wheat can be increased and sustained by improving nutrient through the integrated use of organic and inorganic manures in long term.Journal of Nepal Agricultural Research Council Vol.1 2015 pp.21-28

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Yield and Soil Fertility Trends in a 20-Year Rice–Rice–Wheat Experiment in Nepal

Cited by 81 publications

References 0 publications

Soil organic carbon changes after seven years of conservation agriculture in a rice–wheat system of the eastern Indo‐Gangetic Plains

Soil organic carbon changes after seven years of conservation agriculture in a rice–wheat system of the eastern Indo‐Gangetic Plains

An economic study on maize residue practices in Dinajpur district

Wheat Yield Trend and Soil Fertility Status in Long Term Rice-Rice-Wheat Cropping System

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