Yield and quality of cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.)Walp] as influenced by organic sources of nitrogen

Abstract

A field experiment conducted during kharif season of the year 2015 at Agronomy Instructional Farm, C.P. College of Agriculture, Sardar krushinagar Dantiwada Agricultural University, Sardar krushinagar Gujrat. Application of T9 (50% N through castor cake + 50% N through vermicompost + PSB) and T10: (RDF: 20+40+00 kg ha-1 NPK through fertilizer) recorded higher plant growth and development. Remarkable increase in yield attributes and seed yield (1033 kg/ha) were noted with an application of 50% N through castor cake + 50% N through vermicompost + PSB (T9). Significant improvement in protein content in seed and protein yield, N content in seed, Stover yield and N uptake by cowpea were noted with application of 50% N through FYM + 50% N through vermicompost + PSB (T8), whereas, higher N content in stover and P content in seed were recorded under treatment T9 (50% N through castor cake + 50% N through vermicompost + PSB). Treatment T10 (RDF: 20+40+00 kg ha-1 NPK through fertilizer) realized higher net realization (42371ha-1) and BCR (2.83) because organic fertilizer per unit cost higher than inorganic fertilizer

Assessing Mungbean Productivity under Organic Management

“…During second year similar pattern was followed for biological yield. These results are in conformity with those reported by Birla et al (2018), Dhakal et al (2015), Neelam et al, (2015) Bahadur and Tiwari (2014) and Wagadre et al (2010).…”

“…Green manuring along with organic manure have more effect on SPAD value of chlorophyll and relative water content, this might be due to higher photosynthesis rate. Similar finding was also reported by Menon et al, (2010), Sharma et al (2014) and Birla et al (2018). Leaf water potential has negative relation with SPAD and relative water content and the highest value of LWP were recorded under recommended fertilizer dose (Table 2).…”

Organic Cowpea “Vigna unguiculatea” Production by Smart Agritechnique of Organic Fertilizers Mixture ”OFM” and Vermitea Levels and Beneficial Microbes “BM”

“…Vermitea contains antibiotics, vitamins and minerals to be the best organic fertility and biological control to increase yield and its quality of cowpea plant. The same trend by (Abou El Goud, 2010;Kyei-Boahen et al, 2017;Birla et al, 2018;Dalorima et al, 2018 and were found that, organic fertilizers improve growth and yield of plant, it has promising nutrients value more than traditional manures or chemicals. Due to increase the mineralization rate by microbial action, biological agents and humidity cation degree.…”

“…As well as, B.M. were caused not only dissolving P and K, fix the atmospheric N, but also stimulate the growth regulators and hormones "auxins, cytokinins and gibberellins" production to enhance the beneficial microbes "microbial communities" to inhibit the soil borne pathogens (Birla et al, 2018;Bellitürk, 2018;Al Ali et al, 2019 andSoraya et al, 2020) and increase plant defense, healthy growth and quality food. These are agreement with (Ragab et al, 2016;Lyngdoh et al, 2017;Piya et al, 2018;Htwe et al, 2019 andUmadevi et al, 2019).…”

“…So that, it has the Integrated Plant Nutrition System (IPNS) and plays the important roles for rooting initiation system, nutritional plant, promoting growth regulators and improve plant production (Abou El Goud, 2020 and Soraya et al, 2020). It is as liquid fertilizer for excellent plant feeding, enhances enzymatic activity, plant growth regulators, antibiotics and hormons (Brown, 1995;Musa et al, 2017;Birla et al, 2018 andSoraya et al, 2020). As well as, it contains antibiotics, different kinds of beneficial microbes like "Azotobacter, Azosperillium, Rhizobium, B.magatherium, B. circulance, B.subtilus, Psedomonaus fluorescence, Trichoderma spp.…”