“…The commercial energy crop C4-fibre plant Miscanthus × giganteus has great potential for sustainable biomass production in temperate climate, owing to low water requirements, high nutrient efficiency and great yield per unit (Lewandowski, Clifton-Brown, Scurlock, & Huisman, 2000). Both annual and perennial field experiments have demonstrated that M. × giganteus grows well in temperate climate and has a relative high biomass yield without ample N fertilizer addition (Cadoux, Riche, Yates, & Machet, 2012;Heaton, Long, Voigt, Jones, & Clifton-Brown, 2004;Iqbal, Gauder, Claupein, Graeff-Hönninger, & Lewandowski, 2015;Maughan et al, 2012). Even without any external N input by fertilization and despite perennial biomass (and N) removal, M. × giganteus fields maintained substantial biomass productivity (Dohleman, Heaton, Arundale, & Long, 2012;Iqbal et al, 2015).…”