Yield and popping expansion components in local popcorn varieties from Southern Brazil

Abstract

The aim of this study was to evaluate grain yield (GY), popping expansion (PE), popping expansion disregarding the weight of unpopped kernels (PEW), and eleven other agronomic and morphological traits of 14 local popcorn varieties (LPV) from far west of the state of Santa Catarina, Southern Brazil. Two experiments were carried out, in a completely randomized block design with three replications, in different regions of Santa Catarina: one in the municipality of Florianópolis (east coast) and the other in Anchieta (western). Grain yield had the highest positive correlation with prolificacy (PRL) (r = 0.72) and number of grains per row (NGR) (r = 0.71), and a negative correlation with caryopsis circularity index (CCI) (r = −0.67). Variable PEW showed a positive correlation with CCI (r = 0.70) and with thickness/width ratio (TWR) (r = 0.70). Variety 574A stood out for high PE and PRL. The improvement of composite populations and of populations per se is a potential breeding strategy for LPV, based on the complementarity and correlation among variables and the GY, PE, and PEW values, CCI – HEP – first ear height/plant height relation, PH – plant height; PRL – WHG – weight of 100 grains; VHG - volume of 100 grains; EL – ear length; NRE – number of rows per ear; NGR – number of grains per row of ear; ED – ear diameter.

Caracterização de sementes de uma variedade crioula de milho pipoca (Zea mays L. subsp. mays) cultivada em sistema orgânico pela Agricultura Familiar

“…The values obtained for the thickness/width ratio and CCI of LP were 0.62 (0.39-1.01) and 0.27 (0.18-0.48), respectively. By studying popcorn landraces in southern Brazil, Gonçalves et al (2019) and Seledes et al (2019) reported CCI values between 0.28-0.30 and 0.27-0.35, respectively; and between 0.60-0.82 for the thickness/width ratio observed by Gonçalves and colleagues. These indices indicate the rounded shape of the grains and have a positive correlation with the expansion capacity.…”

“…A (CC BY 4.0) | ISSN 2525-3409 | DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v10i8.17141 close value was observed for some LP grains (0.48). More productive ears contain a greater number of grains, and consequently have less space for grain growth, interfering with their shape (Gonçalves et al, 2019). This observation may be a hypothesis that would justify the variation in grain size and shape observed in the LP, in addition to the heterogeneity characteristic of landraces.…”

“…The dimensions of the ear and kernel were used to identify the race of the popcorn and to calculate the indices for physical characterization. The thickness/width ratio and the cariosis circularity index (CCI) were calculated according to the following formula (Gonçalves et al, 2019):…”

“…Researchers have investigated its relationship with physical properties (length, width, thickness, size, pericarp color, variety, genotype, weight) (Cabral et al, 2016;Ertas et al 2009;Saito et al, 2021;Srdić et al, 2017;Zulkadir & Idikut, 2021), moisture content (Ceylan & Karababa, 2001;Luz et al, 2005;Singh et al, 2017), and the preparation method (aluminum pan, popcorn popper, and microwave); the addition of ingredients to the preparation of the kernel popcorn (Ceylan & Karababa, 2004;Ertas et al, 2009;Paraginski et al, 2016a;Ranathunga, et al, 2016;Vàzquez-Carrillo et al, 2019); and the environment used for the cultivation of popcorn and different sources of nutrients used in the soil (Cihangir & Oktem, 2019;Gonçalves et al, 2019;Sweley et al, 2012;Zulkadir & Idikut, 2021). Gonçalves et al (2019) obtained a mean EC of 26.3mL•g -1 and 25.5 mL•g -1 with local varieties crop in Florianópolis and Anchieta, respectively. To sample a local variety of the Chapalote race, in Mexico, Vázquez-Carrillo et al (2019) found values ranging from 4.2-9.2 mL•g -1 using the pan for popcorn preparation; and between 6.4-26.1mL•g -1 when the preparation was made in the popcorn popper.…”

Relationship between phenological and morphological characteristics of plant with popcorn races of a diversity microcenter in southern Brazil

“…Pordesimo, Anantheswaran, Fleischmann, Lin, & Hanna (1990), working with five varieties of popcorn, found a strong correlation between circularity and expansion capacity (r = 0.87), concluding that small, short and wider grains, with higher values of circularity, presented higher values of expansion. In the work of Gonçalves, Mayer, Souza, & Ogliari (2019), the authors found values from 0.24 to 0.32 for the circularity character of three popcorn cultivars. In that work, a positive correlation between circularity and expansion was also observed.…”