Yield and foliar injury responses of mature plum trees to salinity

Hoffman, G. J.; Catlin, P. B.; Mead, R.; Johnson, Randall S.; Francois, L. E.; Goldhamer, David A.

doi:10.1007/bf00257954

Cited by 46 publications

(42 citation statements)

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“…93,1990 SALINITY EFFECTS ON PHOTOSYNTHESIS related to a net reduction in soluble and insoluble carbohydrates with increased salinity and time of exposure (Table I). Such changes in total carbohydrates may have negative consequences in regard to carbohydrate utilization and may partially explain the observed reductions in growth and reproduction reported previously for this experiment (12). Eventually, if leaf chloride levels exceeded 0.25 mol Kg-' dry weight, a reduction in Chl content (Fig.…”

supporting

confidence: 53%

“…Previous experiments with P. salicina in this location have shown that the decline in productivity associated with salinity was not related to a reduction in leaf water content or turgor potential (12, 30). Furthermore, measurements of the ion content of wood and leaf tissue, as well as cellular ion compartmentation, indicated a limited capacity of this species to regulate distribution of toxic ions (Cl-) (31).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 76%

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Salinity Induced Limitations on Photosynthesis in Prunus salicina, a Deciduous Tree Species

Ziska¹,

Seemann²,

DeJong³

1990

Plant Physiol.

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The response of photosynthetic CO2 assimilation to salinization in 19 year old Prunus salicina was evaluated under field conditions for a 3 year period. The observed decline in CO2 assimilation capacity was apparently related to increasing leaf chloride (Cl-) content, and independent of changes in leaf carbohydrate status. The response of net CO2 assimilation (A) to leaf intercellular CO2 partial pressure (C) indicated that the reduction in the capacity for A with Cl-was not the result of decreased stomatal conductance but a consequence of nonstomatal inhibition. The nonstomatal limitations to CO2 assimilation capacity, as determined by the response of A to C, and biochemical assay, were related to a decline in the activity of ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase (Rubpcase) and the pool size of triose phosphate, ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate (Rubp) and phosphoglycerate with increasing salinity. Lack of agreement between the initial slope of the A to Ci response curve and Rubpcase activity suggests the occurrence of heterogeneous stomatal apertures with the high salinity treatment (28 millimolar). Prolonged exposure to chloride salts appeared to increase the Rubp or Pi regeneration limitation, decrease Rubpcase activity and reduce leaf chlorophyll content. Observed changes in the biochemical components of CO2 fixation may, in turn, affect total leaf carbohydrates, which also declined with time and salinity. The reduction in Rubpcase activity was apparently a consequence of a reduced Rubpcase protein level rather than either a regulatory or inhibitory effect.salinity reduces growth to a greater extent than photosynthesis, causing a subsequent carbohydrate buildup (either as starch and/or soluble sugars), which can be associated with a reduction in photosynthetic capacity (10, 11). Therefore, an investigation to effectively define limitations to the photosynthetic process as a result of increased salinity requires: (a) determination of the influence of salinity on leafcarbohydrate status and the potential for feedback inhibition, and (b) separation and quantification of the stomatal and nonstomatal factors which affect photosynthetic capacity. However, no study has examined both (a) and (b) for plants exposed to salinity under field conditions.The experiments reported here were designed to analyze limitations to CO2 assimilation in mature trees of Prunus salicina (L. cv Santa Rosa plum), acclimated to salinity under field conditions. Previous experiments with P. salicina in this location have shown that the decline in productivity associated with salinity was not related to a reduction in leaf water content or turgor potential (12, 30). Furthermore, measurements of the ion content of wood and leaf tissue, as well as cellular ion compartmentation, indicated a limited capacity of this species to regulate distribution of toxic ions (Cl-) (31). MATERIALS AND METHODS PlantsAs competition for available irrigation water intensifies, water quality is expected to decline with a subsequent reduction in crop productivity...

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supporting

confidence: 53%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 76%

Salinity Induced Limitations on Photosynthesis in Prunus salicina, a Deciduous Tree Species

Ziska¹,

Seemann²,

DeJong³

1990

Plant Physiol.

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“…In a 6-yr old plum trial, Catlin et al (1993) observed that the recovery of trees following salt stress conditions may take several years, but ultimately achieved complete recovery. In this species, when salinity levels are higher (8 dS m -1 on irrigation water), production can be reduced by half, both in fruit number per tree and in fruit weight, evidencing severe leaf damage (Hoffman et al, 1989).…”

Section: Scion-rootstock Graft Incompatibilitymentioning

confidence: 93%

Rootstock breeding in Prunus species: Ongoing efforts and new challenges

Gainza¹,

Opazo²,

Guajardo³

et al. 2015

Chilean J. Agric. Res.

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The current global agricultural challenges imply the need to generate new technologies and farming systems. In this context, rootstocks are an essential component in modern agriculture. Most currently used are those clonally propagated and there are several ongoing efforts to develop this type of plant material. Despite this tendency, lesser number of rootstock breeding programs exists in comparison to the large number of breeding programs for scion cultivars. In the case of rootstocks, traits evaluated in new selection lines are quite different: From the agronomic standpoint vigor is a key issue in order to establish high-density orchards. Other important agronomic traits include compatibility with a wide spectrum of cultivars from different species, good tolerance to root hypoxia, water use efficiency, aptitude to extract or exclude certain soil nutrients, and tolerance to soil or water salinity. Biotic stresses are also important: Resistance/tolerance to pests and diseases, such as nematodes, soil-borne fungi, crown gall, bacterial canker, and several virus, viroids, and phytoplasms. In this sense, the creation of new rootstocks at Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Fruticultura (CEAF) offers an alternative to stone fruit crop, particularly in Chile, where just a few alternatives are commercially available, and there are site-specific problems. The implementation of molecular markers in order to give support to the phenotypic evaluation of plant breeding has great potential assisting the selection of new genotypes of rootstocks. Marker-Assisted Selection (MAS) can shorten the time required to obtain new cultivars and can make the process more cost-effective than selection based exclusively on phenotype, but more basic research is needed to well understood the molecular and physiological mechanisms behind the studied trait.

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“…In no instance, however, has it been shown that sodium can wholly replace potassium where the latter is acutely deficient (ANONIMOUS, 2010). Most studies focus on the toxic effect of sodium on fruit crops, as most fruit trees, including plum (Prunus domestica L.), are sensitive to salinity (BERNSTEIN; BROWN; HAYWARD, 1956;HOFFMAN et al, 1989;CATLIN et al, 1993;BOLAT et al, 2006). However, the small number of studies related to sodium uptake by plum trees in acidic soils and their effect on fruit size and yield in modern plum orchards.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal changes and content of sodium in main organs of European plum trees (Prunus domestica L.), fruit size and yield as affected by rootstocks on acidic soil

Milošević

Milošević²

2012

Sem. Ci. Agr.

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Seasonal changes and content of sodium in main organs of European plum trees (Prunus domestica L.), fruit size and yield as affected by rootstocks on acidic soilMudanças sazonais no teor de sódio dos órgãos, tamanho do fruto e produção da ameixeira européia (Prunus domestica L.) em função de porta-enxertos em solo ácido AbstractIn the present study, the seasonal changes of Na content of shoots, flower buds and flowers, and fruit weight and yield of two European plum cultivars ('Cacanska Lepotica' and 'Cacanska Najbolja') budded on Myrobalan (Prunus cerasifera Ehrh.) and Stanley rootstocks were analyzed after 6-8 years of planting on acidic sandy-loam soil. The Na content of the shoots and flower buds of each rootstock/ cultivar combination varied during season, and the highest content in above organs was observed in May and August, respectively. The effect of rootstocks on the examined parameters was variable due to the strong rootstock/cultivar/year interaction observed. The shoots and flower buds of cultivars budded on Stanley and Myrobalan rootstocks gave the highest and lowest Na content, respectively, whereas the highest Na content in flowers registered in 'Cacanska Lepotica' on Myrobalan. The content of Na in the plum organs suggests the following trends: 1-year old shoots > 2-year-old shoots > flower buds > flowers. There were no statistically significant correlations among plum organs with respect to Na content. The Principal Component Analysis showed that Stanley rootstock had a higher Na accumulation and distribution capacity than Myrobalan rootstock in plum trees. Finally, content of Na in the main organs of plum trees and acidic soil have not a negative effect on fruit weight and yield of plum cultivars, since these properties were respectable. Key words: Acidic soil, fruit weight and yield, plum trees, shoots, sodium accumulation ResumoNeste estudo, foram analisadas as mudanças sazonais do teor de Na nos ramos, botões florais e flores, bem como no peso dos frutos e na produtividade de duas cultivares de ameixeiras européias ('Cacanska lepotica' e 'Cacanska najbolja') enxertadas sobre os porta-enxertos Myrobalan (Prunus cerasifera Ehch.) e Stanley, aos 6-8 anos após o plantio em solo ácido areno-argiloso. O conteúdo de Na nos ramos e nos botões florais para cada combinação de copa/porta-enxerto teve a variação durante a temporada e o maior teor foi constatado em maio e agôsto, respectivamente. A influência do porta-enxerto sobre os parâmetros estudados foi variável devido à forte interação copa/porta-enxerto/ano. Os ramos e botãos florais das plantas enxertadas sobre os porta-enxerto Stanley e Myrobalan, tiveram o maior e o menor teor de Na, respectivamente; enquanto o maior teor de Na nas flores foi registrado na 'Cacanska lepotica' sobre o porta-enxerto Myrobalan. O conteúdo de Na nos órgãos de ameixa teve a seguinte evolução: ramos de 1 ano > ramos de 2 anos > botões florai > flores. Não houve correlação significativa entre os órgãos da ameixeira em termos de teor de Na. A Análise de Componentes P...

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Yield and foliar injury responses of mature plum trees to salinity

Cited by 46 publications

References 4 publications

Salinity Induced Limitations on Photosynthesis in Prunus salicina, a Deciduous Tree Species

Salinity Induced Limitations on Photosynthesis in Prunus salicina, a Deciduous Tree Species

Rootstock breeding in Prunus species: Ongoing efforts and new challenges

Seasonal changes and content of sodium in main organs of European plum trees (Prunus domestica L.), fruit size and yield as affected by rootstocks on acidic soil

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