Yield advantage and cadmium decreasing of rice in intercropping with water spinach under moisture management

Kang, Zhiming; Zhang, Wenyuan; Qin, Junhao; Li, Sihui; Yang, Xu; Wei, Xiaolei; Li, Huashou

doi:10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.110102

Cited by 43 publications

(18 citation statements)

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“…In the legume-cereal intercropping system, cereals determine the level of dry matter, grain yield, and seed N content (Mariotti et al, 2010). Total forage yields of oat and common vetch were higher in the intercrops than in monocultures, similar to the yield benefit observed in the intercropping grain production system (Kang et al, 2020). The oat forage yield just slightly decreased with decreasing share in the intercropping system, whereas common vetch forage yields were strongly affected.…”

Section: Total Forage Yield and Land Equivalent Ratiomentioning

confidence: 76%

Sowing ratio determines forage yields and economic benefits of oat and common vetch intercropping

et al. 2021

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Mixtures of annual legumes with cereal grasses in forage production are considered to have great advantages and are extensively used in the agro-pastoral region of China.However, the effect of sowing ratio on forage yields and economic benefits of oat (Avena sativa L.) and common vetch (Vicia sativa L.) intercropping remains largely unknown. A 2 yr field experiment was conducted with seven sowing ratios (sowing ratio of oat as 0, 25, 33, 50, 67, 75, and 100%) for oat and common vetch intercropping in northeastern China. Intercropping showed significant advantages in forage yield, land equivalent ratio (LER), and net income in the 2 yr. Oat was the dominant partner in the mixtures, strongly outcompeting common vetch. A sowing ratio of oat at 50% produced the highest forage yields of 10.8-11.1 t ha -1 in spring seeding and 4.9-7.7 t ha -1 in summer seeding, which were 28.7-66.4% and 12.6-166.9% higher than those in monocultures, respectively, if we considered two years together. In any case, oat forage yield just slightly decreased with a decreasing share in the intercrops, whereas common vetch forage yields strongly decreased. The highest LERs were detected in a sowing ratio of oat at 50%, which was 11-57% higher than other sowing ratios. Similarly, the highest annual net incomes of US$1,336 and $1,088 ha -1 were also obtained in a sowing ratio of oat at 50% in the 2 yr. In conclusion, oat and common vetch intercropping have greater forage yields and economic benefits compared with the corresponding monocultures in the agro-pastoral region of China, and a sowing ratio of oat at 50% is recommended.

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Section: Total Forage Yield and Land Equivalent Ratiomentioning

confidence: 76%

Sowing ratio determines forage yields and economic benefits of oat and common vetch intercropping

et al. 2021

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“…However, the Cd should be noted because it poses most of the potential ecological risks in Fujian Province. Therefore, if certain areas are contaminated by heavy metals, phytoremediation can be performed to remove heavy metals from contaminated soil and promote the health and sustainable development of agricultural ecosystems 36,37 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pollution characteristics and ecological risk assessment of heavy metals in paddy fields of Fujian province, China

Kang

Wang

Qin

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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to analyze the concentration, spatial distribution patterns, and ecological risks of heavy metals (Cd, Cr, Pb, As, Cu, Ni and Co), 272 topsoil samples (0-20 cm) were collected from paddy fields in Fujian province in July 2017. The results revealed that the mean concentration of all heavy metals exceeded the background values in Fujian province, with the mean concentration of Cd being 5.20 times higher than its background. However, these concentrations of heavy metals were lower than their corresponding national standards (GB 15618-1995). Spatially, for Cd, the high concentration areas were located mainly in southeast of Sanming city and northeast of Quanzhou city. For Pb and As, the places of highest concentration were mainly in southeast of Quanzhou city and Zhangzhou city, and the main areas of high Ni concentration were distributed southeast of Nanping city. The geo-accumulation index (I geo) of Cd and As were indicative of moderate contaminations, and the index of Co, Cu and Cr suggested that these were practically uncontaminated. The nemerow integrated pollution index (P n) showed that the entire study area was prone to a low level of pollution, but at the county level, Yongcun county and Zhaoan county are in an warning line area of pollution. According to the potential ecological risk (RI), the ecological risk belongs to the low risk of paddy fields in Fujian province. However, Cd should be given attention (E r = 25.09), as it contributed to the majority of potential ecological risks in Fujian province. The large number of industrial waste, mining byproducts, chemical fertilizers, pesticides and other synthetic chemical substances in the agroecological ecosystem has seriously threatened food security, food safety and human health around the world 1-6. Thus, soil pollution treatment is urgently needed to solve the current problems in agricultural production. At the same time, the accumulation of heavy metals in agricultural soil is a serious problem for human health and safe food production 7-9. Heavy metal contaminants are commonly introduced to soils through anthropogenic activities, such as mineral resources development, agrochemical use, fossil fuel consumption, poultry manure, waste disposal, and sewage irrigation 10-12. Soil heavy metal contamination has become serious and widespread in China. According to the national communiqué of the soil pollution survey by the ministry of environmental protection of China and the ministry of land and resources in 2014 13 , some regions of soil have become heavily contaminated, and the quality of cultivated soil is particularly concerning. The total over-standard rate of soil (environmental quality standard for soils in China, GB15618-1995) in China was 16.1%. Further, the over-standard rates of Cd, Cu, Hg, As, Pb, Ni and Cr were 7.0%, 2.1%, 2.7%, 1.5%, 4.8% and 1.1%, respectively 13. A soil pollution control plan has been developed in China to improve soil quality, ensure the quality and safety of agricultural products and protect the health of humans, such as a n...

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“…Therefore, intercropping is a promising strategy for the sustainable development of food production based on lesser reliance on chemical fertilizer and pesticide inputs (Zhang et al 2010;Brooker et al 2015). In this background, ecological farms are developing rapidly in China and even the world, and diversi ed rice cropping is also an increasing practice (Liang et al 2016;Kang et al 2020;Wang et al 2020b). Considering the important role of Si for rice, the increase of Si uptake by rice under intercropping can be regarded as an invisible booster within the ecosystem, which advances and escorts ecological diversi ed rice cropping.…”

Section: Rice-water Spinach Intercropping Advances Ecological Diversi Ed Rice Croppingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In recent years, aquatic crops intercropping (e.g., rice was intercropped with water chestnuts, water spinach, alligator ag, etc.) is attracting scholars' increased interest, which mainly highlighted the advantages of intercropping in increasing crop productivity and reducing pest incidence and even alleviating the accumulation of cadmium in rice (Qin et al 2013;Liang et al 2016;Kang et al 2020;Wang et al 2020b). Considering that improving soil nutrient use e ciency is an important advantage of intercropping (Zhang and Li 2003;Raza et al 2019), whether intercropping mode can improve Si nutrition of rice is very worthy of study.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plant-mediated rhizospheric interactions in rice-water spinach intercropping enhance Si uptake by rice

Ning

Wang

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Aims Although biodiversity utilization in paddy fields has increased in recent years, silicon (Si) nutrition of rice in intercropping systems is poorly understood. On the basis of our previous study, the present research focused on deciphering the underlying mechanisms involved in rice and water spinach intercropping, which enhance Si uptake by rice.Methods We carried out a series of experiments including field, greenhouse, and incubation experiments to explore the underlying mechanisms.Results The field trials showed that rice-water spinach intercropping with different row ratios can increase Si concentration by 9.8%-52.6% and Si absorption by 34.7%-127.8% in rice leaves at ripening stage compared to rice monoculture. The pot trials further indicated that intercropping can promote rice to increase Si concentration in Si-deficient soil, with an increase of 35.9% in stems and 29.7% in leaves, and intercropping significantly increased soil water-soluble Si content by 168.1% compared to rice monoculture. Further research indicated that there was an interaction between rice roots and water spinach roots under intercropping conditions, which not only induced the up-regulated expression of Si transporter genes in rice roots (OsLsi1, OsLsi2) and stems (OsLsi6), but also stimulated rice roots to secrete more organic acids to increase Si availability in the soil. Moreover, water spinach root exudates helped the mobilization of Si in soil through proton efflux of roots. Conclusions Rice-water spinach intercropping can greatly enhance Si absorption of rice through several beneficial ways, which will have important practical significance for sustainable rice production, especially in Si-deficient soils.

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Yield advantage and cadmium decreasing of rice in intercropping with water spinach under moisture management

Cited by 43 publications

References 34 publications

Sowing ratio determines forage yields and economic benefits of oat and common vetch intercropping

Sowing ratio determines forage yields and economic benefits of oat and common vetch intercropping

Pollution characteristics and ecological risk assessment of heavy metals in paddy fields of Fujian province, China

Plant-mediated rhizospheric interactions in rice-water spinach intercropping enhance Si uptake by rice

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