(Yet more) challenges for water treatment plants: potential contribution of hypochlorite solutions to bromate, chlorate, chlorite and perchlorate in drinking water

Aranda-Rodriguez, Rocio; Jin, Zhiyun; Hnatiw, Joan; Tugulea, Anca-Maria

doi:10.2166/aqua.2017.147

Cited by 16 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…[5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16] Drinking water disinfection is an essential process for protecting public health and providing safe drinking water because it eliminates pathogenic organisms. 17 Chlorine (gaseous or hypochlorite salt solutions), chloramines, ozone, chlorine dioxide, and UV irradiation have all been used as disinfectants. 18 Although other technologies and resources have been utilized, chlorine is a frequently used and effective disinfectant.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and Trends of Drinking Water Disinfection Byproducts-Related Cancers in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Tafesse

Porcelli

Gari

et al. 2022

Environ�Health�Insights

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Background: Disinfection byproducts (DBPs) from chlorinated drinking water have been linked to an increased risk of cancer in the bladder, stomach, colon, and rectum. No studies showed the independent trends and prevalence of these cancers in Ethiopia. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the prevalence and trends of disinfection byproducts-related cancers in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Methods: Data were collected from the Addis Ababa Cancer Registry. Spatial data sets were produced and classified into households receiving chlorinated surface water and less chlorinated groundwater. The Cochran-Armitage trend test was used to evaluate whether there was a disinfection byproducts-related cancers (DBRCs) trend among communities receiving chlorinated water. Negative binomial regression was used to analyze the incidence rate. Results: A total of 11, 438 cancer cases were registered between 2012 and 2016, and DBRCs accounted for approximately 17%. The majority of the total cancer cases were female; 7,706 (67%). The prevalence of DBRCs was found to be higher in communities supplied with chlorinated water. From 2012 to 2016, the trend of colon cancer increased (β = 10.3, P value = .034); however, esophageal cancer decreased (β = −6.5, P value = .018). Approximately 56% of colorectal cancer patients and 53% of stomach cancer patients are known to be using chlorinated surface water for drinking regularly. In addition, approximately 57.1% and 54% of kidney and bladder cancer patients, respectively, used chlorinated surface water. Conclusion: The prevalence of DBRCs in this study was found to be high. The colon cancer trend increased substantially from 2012 to 2016. The prevalence of DBRCs was higher in communities supplied with chlorinated surface water. Similarly, the prevalence of DBRCs was higher among males than females. Further study is required to validate the association between DBRCs and water chlorination.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and Trends of Drinking Water Disinfection Byproducts-Related Cancers in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Tafesse

Porcelli

Gari

et al. 2022

Environ�Health�Insights

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“…The role of critical factors controlling the formation of DBPs has received a great deal of attention recently. Extensive research efforts have continued, including laboratory-scale testing, pilot plant testing, investigations carried out at water treatment works [28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35], and local reports [15,[36][37][38][39]. The mutagenicity of chlorinated water is higher than that of water treated with minimal doses of chlorine and ozone [40,41].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Generally, the presence of bromates in water is mostly attributed to the disinfection with ozone even though ozonation may not be the decisive factor. Actually, in some cases, bromates are reported to have been detected in waters treated without the use of ozone, and in processes where source waters were bromide-free, which may be due to sodium hypochlorite contamination with bromide compounds [36,[47][48][49][50].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Elevated total bromine concentrations detected in samples (3S and Ra) in relation to 1S and 2S can be attributed to the contamination of sodium hypochlorite with bromine. Elevated bromate concentrations in sodium hypochlorite are associated with the bromide contents in salt (NaCl) [36,[47][48][49][50]. Examples of bromate concentration levels in sodium hypochlorite and in treated waters are collated in Table S2 (Supplementary Materials).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Modification of Disinfection Process at a Local Water Treatment Plant—Skawina (Poland)

Winid

Muszański²,

Wilkosz³

2022

Water

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This paper summarizes studies undertaken at a water treatment plant in Skawina (WTP Skawina) where the disinfection process was modified by introducing a mobile ozonation system. The application of a small-size, fully-automated ozonation installation only slightly complicates the water treatment process, without the need to redesign the water treatment line, and with relatively low investment costs. The aim of this study was to analyze whether the change of the disinfection method affects the final water quality. The investigated water samples were treated in the mobile ozonation system using a disinfection process with only sodium hypochlorite. Treated water was of excellent quality, and seasonal variations in raw water parameters (variable organic matter contents) did not result in elevated trihalomethanes (THM) and bromate concentrations. Despite the trace amounts of bromides in the water prior to treatment, the water in the municipal drinking water system did not contain determinable amounts of bromates. The bromine concentrations in the treated water supplied to the water distribution system were higher than in raw water, which could be attributable to the presence of bromine as a contaminant in sodium hypochlorite (the disinfection agent). Water quality tests carried out by the water treatment plant (WTP) and by the State Sanitary Inspectorate after the modification of the process line confirmed the high quality of water in the distribution network after the change of disinfection method.

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Inorganic Disinfection By-Products (DBPs)

Kong,

Fan,

Guan

et al. 2024

The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry

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(Yet more) challenges for water treatment plants: potential contribution of hypochlorite solutions to bromate, chlorate, chlorite and perchlorate in drinking water

Cited by 16 publications

References 17 publications

Prevalence and Trends of Drinking Water Disinfection Byproducts-Related Cancers in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Prevalence and Trends of Drinking Water Disinfection Byproducts-Related Cancers in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Modification of Disinfection Process at a Local Water Treatment Plant—Skawina (Poland)

Inorganic Disinfection By-Products (DBPs)

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