and stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik (sWP), German institute for international and security affairs With the ousting of Tunisian president Zine al-Abidine Ben Ali in January 2011, new political actors and various forms of participation began to emerge in a society previously restricted by a complex security and censorship system. At the same time, existing civil society organizations and activist networks that had operated in secret or subject to severe restrictions were able to expand their activities. Reform of the association law in September 2011 under the interim government of prime minister Beji Caid Essebsi liberalized civil society and led to a vibrant landscape of initiatives, unions, associations and various types of other organizations.Researchers and donor organizations have tended to describe civil society as a uniformly supportive actor in the Tunisian transformation process (Deane, 2013). In particular, the strong Tunisian General Labour Union (Union générale tunisienne du travail, UGTT) has been extolled for its mediating and stabilizing role (Chayes, 2014). Such narratives are generated by research agendas focusing ABSTRACT A variety of civil society actors played a major role in the 2011 uprisings in Tunisia that ousted President Ben Ali, but its influence waned in the course of the following transformation process. This article looks at different forms of expressions of contentious politics and non-institutionalized movements, framed here as 'mobilized publics' , that have intervened in the political process in Tunisia. It proposes that there are significant differences in their respective views on the transformation and the role that they can play in it, and hence the approaches to activism that they chose. Three case studies of mobilized publicsin the field of gender justice, socio-economic justice and transitional justice-are examined according to their different degrees of institutionalization, resources and strategies. The analysis shows how struggles for socio-economic justice and transitional justice have been marginalized and discredited as disruptive by a political elite that wagered on increasing polarization.