Yellow Water to Aid Food Security—Perceptions/Acceptance of Consumers toward Urine Based Fertilizer

Abstract

Yellow water is a segregated domestic wastewater stream resulting from Ecological Sanitation (ECOSAN). It is mainly source separated human urine which is rich in nutrients. The potential contribution of yellow water as fertilizer to food security is considerable. The use of this potential however is related to the acceptance of the consumers towards urine based fertilizers (UBF). This work aims to assess acceptance of consumers towards UBF and urine diverting toilets (UDT) for separation of urine, through questionnaires with 444 participants from Egypt, Iraq and Turkey with different age groups, genders, educational backgrounds and occupations. The overall acceptance for UDTs and UBF was 62% and 56%, respectively. All-in-all, public opinion regarding the use of UDT/UBF is promising.

Nitrified Human Urine as a Sustainable and Socially Acceptable Fertilizer: An Analysis of Consumer Acceptance in Msunduzi, South Africa

“…When analyzed more closely, the data showed that two predictors most influenced respondent attitudes towards the use of NUF as a fertilizer: age and ward type. The logistic regression model shows that younger respondents (16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25)(26)(27)(28)(29)(30) and citizens living in the rural areas of the municipality displayed the largest magnitude of attitude change between the use of raw and treated urine for fertilizer use. Based on these results, we infer that the younger age cohorts are more open and trusting of the nitrification process employed to treat the urine than older respondents.…”

“…As our results show, this will depend in large part on the logic that formed public attitudes towards nutrient recycling. In regions where attitudes towards nutrient recycling are shaped primarily by public health concerns [27,28], it is likely that sanitation technology can accrue higher levels of legitimacy than in regions with attitudes shaped by other factors. Although regulatory bodies in countries such as Switzerland [29] have recently amended existing laws to allow the use of NUF as a fertilizer for food crops, the use of human waste as a fertilizer is currently banned in South Africa.…”

“…The proportion of respondents from each ward type that expressed positive attitudes towards the purchase or consumption of food grown with NUF was also assessed ( Figure 6). Within the eight predictors, the youngest age cohort sampled (16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25)(26)(27)(28)(29)(30) and respondents living in the rural wards had difference scores that were significant. The proportion of respondents from each ward type that expressed positive attitudes towards the purchase or consumption of food grown with NUF was also assessed ( Figure 6) However, many respondents continued to express reservations towards the use of NUF as a fertilizer.…”

Implementation of the Basic Concepts of Learning That Happened in the Era of the Covid-19 Pandemic

“…as seen in reading and writing exercises. This kind of perception usually makes them feel quite satisfied if their children have been able to demonstrate certain physical skills even without knowledge of the meaning and nature and purpose of these skills (Taher, Basar, Abdelrahman, & Beler-Baykal, 2018).…”

Percepção Do Uso De Urina Entre Agricultores Familiares De Serrinha-Ba

“…Apesar de uma aceitação moderada, as pessoas acreditam que a urina humana tem risco à saúde e pode ser nociva às plantas, segundo Lienert et al (2003); Matsebe e Moilwa (2007); Duncker e Matsebe (2008); Mariwah e Drangert (2011); Okem et al (2013); Nimoh et al (2014aNimoh et al ( , 2014b; Mugivhisa e Olowoyo (2015); Simha et al (2018). Para os agricultores, pouco mais da metade pensa que esta é uma opção viável, (LIENERT et al, 2003;LONG, 2011;MÜLLER;PEDRO;FREITAS, 2017;SIMHA et al, 2018;TAHER et al, 2018), porém, o nível da aceitação do consumo de produtos das plantas fertilizadas com urina humana é, na maioria das vezes, inferior ao da aceitação de plantas fertilizadas por produtos convencionais (MAGIVHISA; OLOWOYO, 2015;IGNACIO et al, 2018;SIMHA et al, 2018 No Brasil, ainda são muito poucas as iniciativas para implantação de saneamento ecológico, bem como pesquisas de aceitação do uso de excretas como fertilizantes. Para um melhor entendimento das diferentes barreiras desta prática, é necessário conhecer melhor as percepções dos agricultores familiares, tanto em relação à aceitação da utilização de urina humana como fertilizante, quanto ao consumo das plantas fertilizadas dessa forma.…”