Yellow, red, dead: the nutritional consequences for <i>Cardiaspina densitexta</i> (Hemiptera: Aphalaridae) nymphs of inducing senescence in old <i>Eucalyptus fasciculosa</i> leaves

Steinbauer, Martin J.; Salminen, Juha‐Pekka; Watson, Simon J.

doi:10.1111/aen.12325

Cited by 9 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 55 publications

(48 reference statements)

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“…The relationship between defoliation responses and feeding by different psyllid genera requires greater attention across more species of eucalypts. This will require a multi-disciplinary approach because the evidence currently available indicates that psyllid damage of eucalypt leaves can be a syndrome of foliar responses dependent upon leaf age, nitrogen availability, ambient temperature and solar irradiation (Stone 2005;Steinbauer et al 2014Steinbauer et al , 2018. The water content of leaves was significantly higher in BMAD forests.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Psyllid feeding strategies can directly and/or indirectly damage eucalypt leaves and reduce their longevity. Cardiaspina species are known defoliators of eucalypts and directly damage leaves through the initiation of premature leaf senescence (Taylor 1997;Steinbauer et al 2014Steinbauer et al , 2018. In contrast, sugars leaching from the lerps of Glycaspis species support the growth of sooty mould, which covers the surfaces of leaves and indirectly reduces photosynthesis (Brennan et al 1999).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The functional roles of psyllid abundance and assemblage on bird-associated forest defoliation

et al. 2021

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Fluctuations in the abundance of insect herbivores and the severity of damage they cause to their hosts are key factors affecting tree health and trophic interactions. Bell miner associated dieback (BMAD) is a trophic cascade involving eucalypt trees, psyllids and bell miners. Bell miners are a territorial species of bird that reduce insectivorous bird diversity, thereby increasing psyllid abundances. The role of psyllids in BMAD is debated, primarily because psyllid host specificity, genus, defoliation potential and/or lerp composition have been conflated or unexplored. This study documented psyllid communities and canopy structure of four eucalypt hosts (Eucalyptus bridgesiana, E. caliginosa, E. propinqua and E. siderophloia) in BMAD and non-BMAD-affected forests in northern New South Wales. Psyllid abundances were significantly higher in BMAD-affected forests. However, psyllid assemblages did not differ between forest types which contrasts with an influential hypothesis concerning bell miner farming of psyllids that produce sugary lerps (Glycaspis species). Importantly, psyllid communities differed among species of eucalypt host. Hosts supporting higher abundances of Cardiaspina tended to have a stronger negative relationship between canopy health and psyllid abundances than other host trees. Cardiaspina were also found on older leaves and associated with more leaf damage than other psyllids. Unlike most other psyllid genera, Cardiaspina initiate premature foliar senescence leading to defoliation which ultimately changes the age structure of leaves of the canopies of affected trees. Our study supports the functional linkage between psyllid assemblages, their relative abundances and defoliation potential to bottom-up mechanisms behind a bird-associated trophic cascade.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The functional roles of psyllid abundance and assemblage on bird-associated forest defoliation

et al. 2021

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“…; Steinbauer et al . ). This damage manifests as block tissue necrosis bounded by the secondary and tertiary leaf veins surrounding the psyllid feeding site and is visible even after the leaf has dried from standard herbarium preservation techniques.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Nymphal feeding of Cardiaspina spp. results in distinct damage patterns on the host leaves which progressively change as the host plant responds such that feeding loci change from green to yellow then purple-red to red then brown after the nymph completes development (Taylor 1962;White 1970;Morgan 1984;Taylor 1997;Hollis 2004;Steinbauer et al 2014;Steinbauer et al 2018). This damage manifests as block tissue necrosis bounded by the secondary and tertiary leaf veins surrounding the psyllid feeding site and is visible even after the leaf has dried from standard herbarium preservation techniques.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Herbarium specimens provide historical evidence of Cardiaspina jerramungae (Hemiptera: Psylloidea, Aphalaridae) outbreaks on Eucalyptus occidentalis in the Lower Great Southern of Western Australia

Farr¹

2019

Austral Entomology

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In 1982, a new species of psyllid, Cardiaspina jerramungae, reached outbreak levels on Eucalyptus occidentalis. The primary host species grows in remnant stands in the Lower Great Southern region of Western Australia and until this event was not recognised to be associated with insect outbreaks. Herbarium specimens, a largely unexploited source of data for temporal and spatial history of ecological interactions between plant hosts and insect herbivores, provided evidence of historical insect outbreaks. Evidence of C. jerramungae was traced through herbarium specimens of the preferred hosts, E. occidentalis and Eucalyptus utilis. The earliest evidence of this insect was found on a 1901 specimen of E. occidentalis. There was also evidence of a high population in 1960. Further outbreaks of C. jerramungae are likely, with consequences for the health of its primary host, although their periodicity and duration are unpredictable.

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“…-James Baldwin Eucalypts are cultivated worldwide for their fast growth and suitability for a range of uses. The high diversity of Eucalyptus species within Australia is associated with an immense diversity of insect herbivores, some of which can be very damaging when their abundance is unusually high [1][2][3][4][5][6][7]. Some of these insects have become invasive pests of eucalypts where they are grown as exotic species, and are of particular concern to hardwood plantations globally [8][9][10][11][12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Where Did You Come From? Where Did You Go? Investigating the Origin of Invasive Leptocybe Species Using Distribution Modelling

Otieno

Nahrung

Steinbauer

2019

Forests

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Research Highlights: We present the first attempts to model the distributions of the two cryptic and globally invasive species of Leptocybe invasa sensu lato (Fisher & LaSalle) (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) in its purported country of origin, namely Australia. Background and Objectives: Leptocybe invasa is an invasive eucalypt-galling wasp that spread quickly all over the world in the early to mid-2000’s, achieving significant pest status through its severe impacts on the growth and productivity of extra-limital eucalypt plantations. Until its discovery in Europe and the Middle East, the genus was undescribed, and its native range remains unclear. Molecular studies indicate the globally invasive population comprises two cryptic species with variable modes of reproduction. Collection records from Australia, the purported origin, represent only one of the invasive lineages, restricted to subtropical and tropical Queensland and northern New South Wales. To date, the original invasive lineage has not been found in Australia, despite searches over the seventeen years that it has been spreading overseas. Materials and Methods: To understand the distributions of the invasive populations, and to infer Leptocybe spp. native ranges within Australia, we used correlative niche modelling in Maximum Entropy (MaxEnt) and multivariate analysis, and created a CLIMEX model based on development rates of an invasive population. Results: We used the environmental conditions in the extra-limital range to infer possible origins, with our findings supporting the possibility that the invasive populations may have originated from different populations in Australia. Conclusions: We highlight the need for better understanding of the distribution, genetic diversity, and reproductive mode of the species within Australia. The variety of climatic niches occupied by invasive lineages of the wasp potentially present new threats to eucalypts in previously uninfested habitats.

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Yellow, red, dead: the nutritional consequences for Cardiaspina densitexta (Hemiptera: Aphalaridae) nymphs of inducing senescence in old Eucalyptus fasciculosa leaves

Abstract: This is the author manuscript accepted for publication and has undergone full peer review but has not been through the copyediting, typesetting, pagination and proofreading process, which may lead to differences between this version and the Version of Record. Please cite this article as

Cited by 9 publications

References 55 publications

The functional roles of psyllid abundance and assemblage on bird-associated forest defoliation

The functional roles of psyllid abundance and assemblage on bird-associated forest defoliation

Herbarium specimens provide historical evidence of Cardiaspina jerramungae (Hemiptera: Psylloidea, Aphalaridae) outbreaks on Eucalyptus occidentalis in the Lower Great Southern of Western Australia

Where Did You Come From? Where Did You Go? Investigating the Origin of Invasive Leptocybe Species Using Distribution Modelling

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