Yellow, red and blue pigments from ancient Egyptian palace painted walls

Uda, M.; Sassa, Sara; Yoshimura, Sakuji; Kondo, Jiro; Nakamura, Masaru; Ban, Y.; Adachi, Hirohiko

doi:10.1016/s0168-583x(99)00969-6

Cited by 34 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 5 publications

(3 reference statements)

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“…The elements detected in ground layers are Si, S, Ca, and Cl. This leads to the conclusion that quartz, calcium sulphate (gypsum), and calcium carbonate were used to make the ground layer [12].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Use of Analytical Methods in Evaluation of Coptic Wall Paintings Conservation - A Case Study

et al. 2011

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Egypt has a lot of ancient monasteries and churches, which were decorated with different kinds of wall paintings. Structure of these wall paintings consists of support, plaster and painting layers. Paintings deterioration is primarily due to physicochemical, natural and human factors. The most detrimental factors are bat patches, old varnish and organic waste of birds. All these lead to the gradual disappearance of paintings. Modern technology of conservation is focused on application of new materials for cleaning of wall paintings. Here we report on the use of enzymes, for cleaning surface of coptic wall paintings. Analytical techniques such as particle induced X-ray emission, Fourier transform infrared and optical microscopy were used to evaluate the enzymatic cleaning processes of coptic wall paintings and to identify the chemical composition of red, yellow and white pigments. Particle induced X-ray emission results indicated that there is no change in the chemical composition of the materials and pigments due to enzymatic cleaning. Fourier transform infrared and optical microscopy results confirmed the stability of organic medium before and after treatment of different kind of patches.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Use of Analytical Methods in Evaluation of Coptic Wall Paintings Conservation - A Case Study

et al. 2011

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“…(5 6). The laser cleaning was very effective in cleaning the models but discoloration of the section of the yellow pigment "goethite FeOOH", [33] [36] [37] was noticed during the laser cleaning because of thermal effect of the 1064nm laser beam. Though different laser wavelength of 532nm was examined to avoid this discoloration but the same results were obtained.…”

Section: Methodology 231 Mechanical Cleaningmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On the other hand three kind of the most common pigment (red or brown "Hematite á-Fe 2 O 3 ", yellow "goethite á-FeOOH". [33] and black "carbon black C") [34], in the Egyptian wall painting were used, after well preparation. Glue, Arabic Gum and Albumin were used as the common binder of the Egyptian pigments, in the wall painting.…”

Section: Experimental Section 21 Wall Painting Models Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Libs Tool to Diagnose the Egyptian Deteriorated Wall Paintings During Laser Cleaning Process, an Experimental Study

Sayed

Omran

Den

et al. 2011

Egyptian Journal of Archaeological and Restoration Studies

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“…It is non--destructive and is currently used for multi-elemental analysis both in vacuum and air. The "in vacuum" mode is advantageous for detection of low atomic number elements [5].…”

Section: Pixe Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of Painting Layers of Sennefer Tomb by Ion Beam Analysis

Aal

2011

Acta Phys. Pol. A

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Egypt has many pharaonic tombs for kings, queens and noblemen. The Sennefer tomb, one of the most important nobleman tombs, is located in the southern hillside of Sheikh Abd El-Qurna -west side of Luxor. It is dated back to 1439-1413 B.C. (18th Dynasty) and is usually referred as the Tomb of Vines, due to the large part of the ceiling of the burial chamber. The vine tomb was carved inside a mountain, its walls are covered with plaster and were painted using the tempera technique (pigments mixed with organic binding medium). The analysis was performed by using particle-induced X-ray emission, microbeam particle-induced X-ray emission and optical microscope for the six samples from the Vine tomb such as white, black, red, yellow, blue and green pigments and for the ground layers of the tomb in order to identify the composition of plaster layers and pigments. The data about the nature of these materials are indispensable for conservation and cleaning.

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Yellow, red and blue pigments from ancient Egyptian palace painted walls

Cited by 34 publications

References 5 publications

The Use of Analytical Methods in Evaluation of Coptic Wall Paintings Conservation - A Case Study

The Use of Analytical Methods in Evaluation of Coptic Wall Paintings Conservation - A Case Study

Libs Tool to Diagnose the Egyptian Deteriorated Wall Paintings During Laser Cleaning Process, an Experimental Study

Identification of Painting Layers of Sennefer Tomb by Ion Beam Analysis

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