Yellow Perch Sperm Motility, Cryopreservation, and Viability of Resulting Larvae and Juveniles

Abstract

The sperm of Yellow Perch Perca flavescens of two different age-classes, age 0 and 3, were cryopreserved using two different cryoprotectants (dimethylsulfoxide [DMSO] and methanol [MetOH]) with two freezing methods (pellet and vial). The viability and quality of the progenies obtained from fertilization with cryopreserved sperm were then examined. The motility of Walleye Sander vitreus sperm was examined following cryopreservation and ultraviolet (UV) irradiation, with the aim of using heterologous cryopreserved sperm to inseminate Yellow Perch eggs to ensure gynogenesis. The first experiment compared the motility of fresh sperm and pellet method cryopreserved sperm devoid of salmon seminal plasma. Despite the high motility of fresh sperm-75% and 100%-of males age 0 and 3, respectively, the postthaw motility of seminal plasma devoid cryopreserved sperm was 0%. The second experiment addressed the efficiency of pellet and vial freezing methods with DMSO and MetOH supplemented with salmon seminal plasma. Cryopreserved sperm was thawed and motility measured. Sperm motility was not significantly different between pellet (13.3 ± 10.4%) and vial (10.3 ± 12.9%) methods in the absence of sperm extender; however, sperm motility of the pellet method was further improved (20 ± 8.7%) with the addition of sperm extender after thawing, while motility of the vial method sperm (10 ± 7.1%) was not. Cryopreserved sperm was further evaluated based on fertilization rate and ultimate survival and growth of larvae and juveniles through 14 d posthatch. Effects of UV exposure on fresh and pellet method cryopreserved sperm following UV irradiation were also examined. The motility of control sperm cryopreserved with DMSO and MetOH, and UV-exposed sperm cryopreserved with DMSO decreased from 100% motility before cryopreservation (fresh sperm) to 75% following cryopreservation, while UV-exposed sperm cryopreserved with MetOH decreased from 100% to 50%. This experiment provides significant new data to improve the effectiveness of straightforward cryopreservation techniques for Yellow Perch.Yellow Perch Perca flavescens is a North American game fish as well as an important species to aquaculturists. Advancements in artificial spawning, incubation and hatching of perch embryos, and larviculture over the past few decades have promoted the development of Yellow Perch aquaculture; however, several challenges and

Sperm cryopreservation reduces offspring growth

“…In fish, no effect of sperm cryopreservation on offspring performance could be found in some species [24][25][26][27][28][29], while significant effects on several developmental traits were reported in others [30][31][32][33]. In the latter case, effects of cryopreservation on potential indicators of offspring fitness were sometimes negative [30,31] and sometimes positive [32], and sometimes results were mixed [33]. Most discrepancies among these studies may be explained by nonsufficient controls of potentially confounding parental and/or environmental effects.…”

“…However, effects of cryopreservation could have been confounded with effects of intracytoplasmic sperm injection in their study. In fish, no effect of sperm cryopreservation on offspring performance could be found in some species [24][25][26][27][28][29], while significant effects on several developmental traits were reported in others [30][31][32][33]. In the latter case, effects of cryopreservation on potential indicators of offspring fitness were sometimes negative [30,31] and sometimes positive [32], and sometimes results were mixed [33].…”

Short term temperature fluctuations affect embryonic and larval development of yellow perch (Perca flavescens)

“…An immobilization solution (.33M sucrose solution) was added to preserve the milt ensuring all eggs were fertilized with the same milt. 33,34 Once egg ribbons were acquired from five different females, each female was kept for weight and length measurements. Each egg skein was fertilized with 50mL of the preserved milt solution.…”

Crioconservación seminal en peces de agua dulce: aspectos biotecnológicos, celulares y bioquímicos

“…Para Carneiro et al, (2012), los contenedores de carga seca (Dry Shipper) son más viables que los congeladores programables para la congelación de semen de cachama negra (Colossoma macropomum), ya que afectan menos la viabilidad y motilidad espermática. Miller et al (2018) han empleado un método de congelación particular, modificando el uso del hielo seco y empleándolo como molde para pellets. Para ello, los investigadores hicieron hoyos de 5 -7 mm de diámetro sobre el hielo seco y depositaron alícuotas de semen diluido en cada uno de ellos.…”

“…Cuando la seminación se realiza con semen crioconservado, la relación semen:ovocitos deben ser aún mayor, dado que la congelación provoca una alta mortalidad de espermatozoides y disminución de la viabilidad celular . Para semen crioconservado se reporta una relación espermatozoides/ovocitos de 3.5x10 4 para Salminus brasiliensis (Weingartner et al, 2015); 1x10 5 para Salvelinus fontinalis, Oncorhynchus mykiss y Cyprinus carpius (Lahnsteiner et al, 2011;Öğretmen et al, 2014;Kutluyer et al, 2015); 1.6x10 5 para Sorubim cuspicaudus (Pardo-Carrasco et al, 2015); 2.5x10 5 para Colossoma macropomum (Maria et al, 2015); 2.7x10 5 para Salminus brasiliensis ; 3.2x10 5 para Prochilodus magdalenae (Atencio-García et al, 2015); 2.7x10 7 para Perca flavescens (Miller et al, 2018); 3x10 5 para Salmo trutta y Salvelinus fontinalis (Nynca et al, 2014(Nynca et al, , 2015b; 5x10 4 para Thymallus thymallus (Horváth et al, 2015); 5x10 4 -4x10 5 para Esox lucius (Irena et al, 2020); 5x10 4 -5x10 5 para Perca fluviatilis (Judycka et al, 2019); 5x10 5 para Hucho hucho (Nynca, 2015c); 5,15×10 5 para Piaractus mesopotamicus (Galo et al, 2019); 6x10 6 para trucha arco iris (Ciereszko et al, 2014); 7×10 4 para Prochilodus lineatus ; 7.5 ×10 4 para Brycon amazonicus (Velasco-Santamaría et al, 2006).…”