Yellow Nutsedge (Cyperus esculentus) Interface in Peanut (Arachis hypogaea)

Abstract

Studies were conducted from 1997 to 1999 at the Coastal Plain Experiment Station in Tifton, GAto measure the full-season interference of yellow nutsedge in peanut using a response prediction experiment with a natural infestation of yellownutsedge. Seeds of cultivar GeorgiaGreen were planted in Mayeach year, and plots were established immediately after crop emergence. Plots were 1.8 m by 1.8 m. with sixreplications. Yellow nutsedge plantswere counted 28d after crop emergence in each plot, and six weed-free plots were randomly established. Parameters measured were peanut yield and yellow nutsedge tuber contamination in harvested peanut. Yellow nutsedge densities ranged from 0 to 169 plants/m'', Regression analysis indicated a 25% reduction in peanut yieldwith a yellownutsedge infestation of approximately68plants/m". Each yellownutsedgeplant! m 2 reduced peanut yield by 13 kglha. There was a positive linear response between yellownutsedge densityand number of tubers contaminating harvested peanut. Tuber contamination increased by 5190 tuberslha for every yellow nutsedge plant/m". The results indicated that yellow nutsedge is a poor competitor with peanut. However, tuber contamination in harvested peanuts should be considered when using these results in developing treatment thresholds.

Purple Nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus) Control with Glyphosate in Soybean and Cotton1

“…In 1998, there was no difference between yield of any treatment, including the nontreated check. Similar results were observed with yellow nutsedge in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) where yellow nutsedge did not affect peanut yield unless present in high densities and allowed to interfere with peanut for the entire growing season (Johnson and Mullinix 2003).…”

Texas Panicum (Panicum texanum) Interference in Peanut (Arachis hypogaea) and Implications for Treatment Decisions

“…However, these values are grossly similar among the annual grasses. In contrast, previous studies indicated that 0.3 common cocklebur (Xanthium strumarium L.) plants/m 2 (Royal et al 1997), 1.0 wild poinsettia (Euphorbia heterophylla L.) plants/m 2 (Bridges et al 1992), 2.3 bristly starbur (Acanthospermum hispidum DC) plants/m 2 (Walker et al 1989) (Hauser et al 1982), and 68.0 yellow nutsedge (Cyperus esculentus L.) plants/m 2 (Johnson and Mullinix 2003) reduced peanut yield by 25%. Texas panicum and other annual grasses are among the most competitive weeds of peanut production.…”

Competing with the competitors in an endless competition: a systematic review of nonchemical weed management research in peanut (Arachis hypogea) in the United States

“…As few as 1.4 U. platyphylla plants m −2 (Chamblee et al 1982), 0.1 D. dichotomum plants m −2 (York and Coble 1977), and 2.2 U. texana plants m −2 (Johnson and Mullinix 2005) reduced peanut yield by 25%. In contrast, greater densities of C. esculentus (68 plants m −2 ) and broadleaf weeds ( D. tortuosum : 6.2 plants m −2 ; horsenettle [ Solanum carolinense L.]: 4.2 plants m −2 ; and S. obtusifolia : 7.2 plants m −2 ) were required to cause similar yield reduction in peanut (Hackett et al 1987; Johnson and Mullinix 2003). However, X. strumarium (Royal et al 1997), A. artemisiifolia (Clewis et al 2001), jimsonweed ( Datura stramonium L.) (Price et al 2006), C. glandulosus (Thomas et al 2004), E. heterophylla (Bridges et al 1992), A. palmeri (Burke et al 2007), and A. hispidum (Walker et al 1989) are more competitive broadleaf weeds, reducing peanut yield by 25% at much lower densities.…”

“…However, these weeds are a major problem in organic peanut production (Johnson and Mullinix 2008) and should be considered research priority species. On the other hand, the dominance of weed studies focused on C. esculentus compared with individual grass weed species is justified by its allelopathic effect and perennial growth habit, which make it difficult to control (Johnson and Mullinix 2003). In addition, the tubers of C. esculentus can be a contamination in the harvested crop.…”