Yellow Fever Vaccines

Barrett, Alan D.T.

doi:10.1006/biol.1997.0056

Cited by 83 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 301 publications

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“…Together, these results suggest that the genetic diversity of RRV is, and has been, lower than that of some other arboviruses, such as the flaviviruses dengue virus (Dunham & Holmes, 2007) and yellow fever virus (Bryant et al, 2007), despite their broadly equivalent rates of nucleotide substitution. Importantly, the 17D yellow fever vaccine has retained its efficacy and has not led to antibody-escape mutations, despite the greater genetic diversity of yellow fever virus populations and .60 years of use (Barrett, 1997;Monath, 1999). Interestingly, the genetic diversity of RRV is also slightly lower (although with overlapping 95 % HPDs) than that observed in a closely related alphavirus, Chikungunya virus (Cherian et al, 2009), suggesting that similar mechanisms might underlie both.…”

Section: Evolutionary Dynamics Of Ross River Virusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular evolutionary dynamics of Ross River virus and implications for vaccine efficacy

Jones

Lowry

Aaskov

et al. 2009

Journal of General Virology

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Ross River virus (RRV) is a mosquito-borne member of the genus Alphavirus that causes epidemic polyarthritis in humans, costing the Australian health system at least US$10 million annually. Recent progress in RRV vaccine development requires accurate assessment of RRV genetic diversity and evolution, particularly as they may affect the utility of future vaccination. In this study, we provide novel RRV genome sequences and investigate the evolutionary dynamics of RRV from timestructured E2 gene datasets. Our analysis indicates that, although RRV evolves at a similar rate to other alphaviruses (mean evolutionary rate of approx. 8¾10"4 nucleotide substitutions per site year "1 ), the relative genetic diversity of RRV has been continuously low through time, possibly as a result of purifying selection imposed by replication in a wide range of natural host and vector species. Together, these findings suggest that vaccination against RRV is unlikely to result in the rapid antigenic evolution that could compromise the future efficacy of current RRV vaccines. INTRODUCTIONRoss River virus (RRV) is an alphavirus that infects a wide range of vertebrate hosts, including marsupials, equids, rodents, birds and fruit bats, and has multiple mosquito vectors, including several Aedes species (reviewed by Russell, 2002). Of the natural hosts, only humans and horses are known to develop symptoms (Doherty et al., 1963(Doherty et al., , 1972Azuolas et al., 2003). The disease in humans is known as epidemic polyarthritis (EPA) (Shope & Anderson, 1960) and is characterized by polyarthralgia in the small joints, principally of the hands and feet, as well as fever, rash and a range of other non-specific signs and symptoms. Patients may be incapacitated for several weeks after infection, but symptoms diminish in severity in the ensuing 30-40 weeks, leading to a full recovery. Up to approximately 7800 cases are reported annually from Australia (Australian Department of Health and Ageing, 2009) and an epidemic of RRV infection in the Pacific in 1979 and 1980 resulted in tens of thousands of clinical infections (Aaskov et al., 1981;Rosen et al., 1981; Tesh et al., 1981). Importantly, the Pacific epidemic of 1979-1980 suggests strongly that RRV is not dependent on purely sylvatic transmission cycles, and that urban transmission cycles are both possible and expected.Recently, there has been considerable interest in developing a vaccine against RRV infection (Yu & Aaskov, 1994;Aaskov et al., 1997;Kistner et al., 2007) as there is no cure for EPA, because RRV infections appear to confer lifelong immunity against a second clinical infection (Fraser, 1986) and because EPA has been estimated to cost the Australian health system more than US$10 million annually in direct medical costs (Aaskov et al., 1998), with millions more spent on mosquito control. Effective vaccination, whether by live-attenuated virus or inactivated virus, such as the formaldehyde-inactivated virus vaccine currently in development (Kistner et al., 2007), requires that circulat...

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Section: Evolutionary Dynamics Of Ross River Virusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular evolutionary dynamics of Ross River virus and implications for vaccine efficacy

Jones

Lowry

Aaskov

et al. 2009

Journal of General Virology

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“…Currently there are vaccines against only few human flaviviruses, the yellow fever virus, tick borne encephalitis virus and the Japanese encephalitis virus, thus the development of a vaccine against dengue is urgent and given the difficulty to achieve this, it represents a great challenge [7][8][9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of immunogenicity elicited from two DNA vaccine candidates that expresses the prM and E genes of the dengue-3 virus

Paula¹,

Franca²,

Lima³

et al. 2010

Health

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In this work, we report the evaluation of two DNA vaccines against dengue-3 virus (DENV-3). The first construction, called pVAC3DEN3, was engineered inserting the pre-membrane (prM) and envelope (E) gene of DENV-3 truncated with a restriction site between them, as previously described. The second construction was developed cloning the full gene sequence of prM and E from DENV-3 virus in pCI plasmid for mammalian expression and was denominated pVAC1WDEN3. The results showed that both constructions were capable of expressing the prM and E proteins, as demonstrated by ELISA and immunoblotting detection in cell culture transfected with the plasmids. After positive "in vitro" results, the vaccine candidates were used to immunize BALB/c mice and the elicited response was investigated. After immunization by intramuscular inoculation with three doses of each vaccinal clone the animals were sacrificed, the cytokine levels and T cell response were analyzed in the spleens, after three days of culture with stimulus, our analysis showed that the two constructions elicited T cell responses measured by BrdU incorporation assay and high levels of IFN-γ, detected in the supernatant of the cultures. Moreover, both constructions induced detectable titers of neutralizing antibodies in mice. And finally the survival rate of the immunized animals after intracerebral challenge was analyzed, showing a better result in the pVAC3DEN3 group with an 80% survival compared with a 50% survival of the pVAC1 WDEN3.Thus, these data showed that our two constructions were able to induce specific immune response and protects mice against a lethal challenge with DENV-3, and these vaccine candidates can be employed to develop a viable dengue vaccine.

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“…Wild-type Asibi was passaged 176 times in mouse and chicken tissues to derive the 17D vaccine strain, and this subsequently led to derivation of two vaccine substrains, 17D-204 and 17DD, used today (for a review, see Barrett [2]). A comparison of wild-type Asibi virus with the vaccine substrains 17D-204 by Hahn et al (11) resulted in the identification of 67 nucleotide changes encoding 31 amino acid substitutions.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A comparison of wild-type Asibi virus with the vaccine substrains 17D-204 by Hahn et al (11) resulted in the identification of 67 nucleotide changes encoding 31 amino acid substitutions. Inclusion of sequences from other isolates of 17D-204 and the 17DD substrain reduced the number of amino acid substitutions that separate the attenuated 17D viruses from the parental Asibi virus to 20 (2,7,11,27). Similarly, the FNV strain was found to differ from its wild-type parent French viscerotropic virus by 77 nucleotides encoding 37 amino acids (34).…”

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confidence: 99%

Molecular Characterization of a Hamster Viscerotropic Strain of Yellow Fever Virus

McArthur

Suderman

Mutebi

et al. 2003

J Virol

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A hamster viscerotropic strain of yellow fever (YF) virus has been derived after serial passage of strain Asibi through hamsters. The parental Asibi/hamster p0 virus causes a mild and transient viremia in hamsters with no outward, clinical signs of illness. In contrast, the viscerotropic Asibi/hamster p7 virus causes a robust viremia, severe illness, and death in subadult hamsters. The genome of the hamster viscerotropic Asibi/ hamster p7 virus has been sequenced and compared with the parental nonviscerotropic Asibi/hamster p0 virus identifying 14 nucleotide changes encoding only seven amino acid substitutions. The majority of these substitutions (five of seven) fall within the envelope (E) protein at positions Q27H, D28G, D155A, K323R, and K331R. These results support an important role for the E protein in determining YF virus viscerotropism.

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Yellow Fever Vaccines

Cited by 83 publications

References 301 publications

Molecular evolutionary dynamics of Ross River virus and implications for vaccine efficacy

Molecular evolutionary dynamics of Ross River virus and implications for vaccine efficacy

Evaluation of immunogenicity elicited from two DNA vaccine candidates that expresses the prM and E genes of the dengue-3 virus

Molecular Characterization of a Hamster Viscerotropic Strain of Yellow Fever Virus

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