Yellow fever vaccination coverage following massive emergency immunization campaigns in rural Uganda, May 2011: a community cluster survey

Bagonza, James; Rutebemberwa, Elizeus; Mugaga, Malimbo; Tumuhamye, Nathan; Makumbi, Issa

doi:10.1186/1471-2458-13-202

Cited by 12 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…the proportion of children vaccinated among those targeted, for the phase 2 measles campaign in Jharkhand was 91.6%—higher than the 61.0% coverage estimated by this survey [ 11 ]. Administrative coverage is commonly used to asses campaign coverage, but is often unreliable [ 17 , 18 ]. Because of the noted discrepancy in administrative and survey coverage, future measles campaigns could include a post-campaign coverage survey to reliably estimate vaccination coverage.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cluster Survey Evaluation of a Measles Vaccination Campaign in Jharkhand, India, 2012

et al. 2015

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IntroductionIndia was the last country in the world to implement a two-dose strategy for measles-containing vaccine (MCV) in 2010. As part of measles second-dose introduction, phased measles vaccination campaigns were conducted during 2010–2013, targeting 131 million children 9 months to <10 years of age. We performed a post-campaign coverage survey to estimate measles vaccination coverage in Jharkhand state.MethodsA multi-stage cluster survey was conducted 2 months after the phase 2 measles campaign occurred in 19 of 24 districts of Jharkhand during November 2011–March 2012. Vaccination status of children 9 months to <10 years of age was documented based on vaccination card or mother’s recall. Coverage estimates and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) for 1,018 children were calculated using survey methods.ResultsIn the Jharkhand phase 2 campaign, MCV coverage among children aged 9 months to <10 years was 61.0% (95% CI: 54.4–67.7%). Significant differences in coverage were observed between rural (65.0%; 95% CI: 56.8–73.2%) and urban areas (45.6%; 95% CI: 37.3–53.9%). Campaign awareness among mothers was low (51.5%), and the most commonly reported reason for non-vaccination was being unaware of the campaign (69.4%). At the end of the campaign, 53.7% (95% CI: 46.5–60.9%) of children 12 months to <10 years of age received ≥2 MCV doses, while a large proportion of children remained under-vaccinated (34.0%, 95% CI: 28.0–40.0%) or unvaccinated (12.3%, 95% CI: 9.3–16.2%).ConclusionsImplementation of the national measles campaign was a significant achievement towards measles elimination in India. In Jharkhand, campaign performance was below the target coverage of ≥90% set by the Government of India, and challenges in disseminating campaign messages were identified. Efforts towards increasing two-dose MCV coverage are needed to achieve the recently adopted measles elimination goal in India and the South-East Asia region.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cluster Survey Evaluation of a Measles Vaccination Campaign in Jharkhand, India, 2012

et al. 2015

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“…However, five studies did not mention if the tool used was standardised 29 , 34 , 42 , 45 , 46 . Ten studies collected information from proxies (parents or guardians of vaccinated children) 29 – 32 , 34 , 36 , 43 – 46 . All the studies calculated vaccination coverage as the ‘number vaccinated divided by the number of the targeted population’.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…SIAs: Twelve studies reported vaccination coverage for SIAs. Three studies reported coverage data on meningococcal serogroup A (PsA-TT) vaccine 29 , 30 , 44 , five on measles vaccine 31 , 32 , 34 , 56 , 57 and two on yellow fever vaccine 36 , 43 . Each of the remaining two studies reported on one vaccine; cholera 38 and meningococcal bivalent polysaccharide A/C vaccine 46 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of school based and supplemental vaccination strategies in the delivery of vaccines to 5-19 year olds in Africa - a systematic review

et al. 2017

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Background: Some vaccine preventable diseases (VPDs) still remain a public health burden in many African countries. The occurrence of VPDs in all age groups has led to the realization of the need to extend routine immunisation services to school age children, adolescents and adults. Supplemental immunisation activities (SIAs) and school based vaccinations (SBVs) are common strategies used to complement the expanded programme on immunisation (EPI). This review aimed to assess the effectiveness of SIAs compared to SBVs in the administration of vaccines to 5-19 year olds in Africa. Methods: Systematic review methods were used to address our study aim. Several electronic databases were searched up to March 30, 2017 for primary studies investigating the delivery of vaccines via SIAs or SBVs to 5-19 year olds. This search was complemented by browsing reference lists of potential studies obtained from search outputs. Outcomes considered for inclusion were: vaccination coverage, costs of the strategy or its effect on routine immunisation services. Results: Out of the 4938 studies identified, 31 studies met the review inclusion criteria. Both SIAs and SBVs showed high vaccination coverage. However, the SIAs reported higher coverage than SBVs: 91% (95% CI: 84%, 98%) versus 75% (95% CI: 67%, 83%). In most settings, SBVs were reported to be more expensive than SIAs. The SIAs were found to negatively affect routine immunisation services. Conclusions: Both SIAs and SBVs are routinely used to complement the EPI in the delivery of vaccines in Africa. In settings where school enrolment is suboptimal, as is the case in many African countries, our results show SIAs may be more effective in reaching school age children and adolescents than SBVs. Our results re-iterate the importance of evaluating systematic evidence to best inform African authorities on the optimal vaccine delivery strategies targeting school age children and adolescents.

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“…Adult vaccination in Africa has mostly focused on pregnant women for whom vaccines are delivered at ante-natal clinics during routine visits. Mandatory vaccination for travellers to certain countries and mass vaccination campaigns following VPD outbreaks also serve as opportunities for adult vaccination [15][16][17]. Largely, most adults in Africa remain unvaccinated despite the vaccines being available.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mapping the evidence-base of adolescent and adult vaccination in Africa: A slow but growing trend

Haddison¹,

Machingaidze²,

Wiysonge³

et al. 2019

J Vaccines Immunol

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Background:Historically, immunisation has largely focused on children. There is an increased realisation that optimal control of vaccine preventable diseases (VPDs) requires an extension of immunisation to adolescents and adults. Research is vital to guide the extension of adolescent and adult immunisation without interference with the childhood immunisation programmes. We therefore conducted a study assessing the types and quality of available research on adolescent and adult immunisation in Africa from 2011 to 2019. Methods:A search for English articles on vaccines and immunisation targeting humans in Africa; and published between January 2011 and March 2019 was conducted. PubMed and Africa Wide databases were searched. Results:The search yielded 8899 articles of which 354 met the inclusion criteria. Most immunisation research focused on adults (60.7%). Thirty-fi ve countries contributed to immunisation research. South Africa and Nigeria had the greatest number of studies (75 and 44 respectively). Disease burden appeared to infl uence the type and quantity of research for HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis and malaria.Conclusion: Advocacy, advances in technology and, changing epidemiology of diseases have paved the way for research targeting adolescent and adult immunisation. The quantity of research appeared to be infl uenced by the burden of the disease for some diseases; suggesting research priorities on VPDs in Africa could be driven by the most pressing needs. African governments should spur more intra-and inter-country collaboration for the development of research skills in adolescent and adult age groups on the continent.

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Yellow fever vaccination coverage following massive emergency immunization campaigns in rural Uganda, May 2011: a community cluster survey

Cited by 12 publications

References 25 publications

Cluster Survey Evaluation of a Measles Vaccination Campaign in Jharkhand, India, 2012

Cluster Survey Evaluation of a Measles Vaccination Campaign in Jharkhand, India, 2012

Comparison of school based and supplemental vaccination strategies in the delivery of vaccines to 5-19 year olds in Africa - a systematic review

Mapping the evidence-base of adolescent and adult vaccination in Africa: A slow but growing trend

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