Yellow Fever in Africa: Estimating the Burden of Disease and Impact of Mass Vaccination from Outbreak and Serological Data

Garske, Tini; Kerkhove, Maria D. Van; Yactayo, Sergio; Ronveaux, Olivier; Lewis, Rosamund; Staples, J. Erin; Perea, William; Ferguson, Neil M.

doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1001638

Cited by 268 publications

(324 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…mosquitoes, pose emerging and reemerging global health threats (1)(2)(3)(4). Dengue viruses (DENV-1 to -4), the most prevalent of all arthropod-borne viruses, infect approximately 390 million people per year (1); yellow fever virus (YFV), which causes life-threatening disease (5) has reemerged this year in Africa (6); Zika virus (ZIKV) is currently responsible for a pandemic in the Americas that has caused grave concern because of associations with birth defects and Guillain-Barré syndrome (3).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

RPLP1 and RPLP2 Are Essential Flavivirus Host Factors That Promote Early Viral Protein Accumulation

Campos

Wong

Xie

et al. 2017

J Virol

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The Flavivirus genus contains several arthropod-borne viruses that pose global health threats, including dengue viruses (DENV), yellow fever virus (YFV), and Zika virus (ZIKV). In order to understand how these viruses replicate in human cells, we previously conducted genome-scale RNA interference screens to identify candidate host factors. In these screens, we identified ribosomal proteins RPLP1 and RPLP2 (RPLP1/2) to be among the most crucial putative host factors required for DENV and YFV infection. RPLP1/2 are phosphoproteins that bind the ribosome through interaction with another ribosomal protein, RPLP0, to form a structure termed the ribosomal stalk. RPLP1/2 were validated as essential host factors for DENV, YFV, and ZIKV infection in two human cell lines: A549 lung adenocarcinoma and HuH-7 hepatoma cells, and for productive DENV infection of Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. Depletion of RPLP1/2 caused moderate cell-line-specific effects on global protein synthesis, as determined by metabolic labeling. In A549 cells, global translation was increased, while in HuH-7 cells it was reduced, albeit both of these effects were modest. In contrast, RPLP1/2 knockdown strongly reduced early DENV protein accumulation, suggesting a requirement for RPLP1/2 in viral translation. Furthermore, knockdown of RPLP1/2 reduced levels of DENV structural proteins expressed from an exogenous transgene. We postulate that these ribosomal proteins are required for efficient translation elongation through the viral open reading frame. In summary, this work identifies RPLP1/2 as critical flaviviral host factors required for translation.IMPORTANCE Flaviviruses cause important diseases in humans. Examples of mosquito-transmitted flaviviruses include dengue, yellow fever and Zika viruses. Viruses require a plethora of cellular factors to infect cells, and the ribosome plays an essential role in all viral infections. The ribosome is a complex macromolecular machine composed of RNA and proteins and it is responsible for protein synthesis. We identified two specific ribosomal proteins that are strictly required for flavivirus infection of human cells and mosquitoes: RPLP1 and RPLP2 (RPLP1/2). These proteins are part of a structure known as the ribosomal stalk and help orchestrate the elongation phase of translation. We show that flaviviruses are particularly dependent on the function of RPLP1/2. Our findings suggest that ribosome composition is an important factor for virus translation and may represent a regulatory layer for translation of specific cellular mRNAs. (1)(2)(3)(4). Dengue viruses (DENV-1 to -4), the most prevalent of all arthropod-borne viruses, infect approximately 390 million people per year (1); yellow fever virus (YFV), which causes life-threatening disease (5) has reemerged this year in Africa (6); Zika virus (ZIKV) is currently responsible for a pandemic in the Americas that has caused grave concern because of associations with birth defects and Guillain-Barré syndrome (3). KEYWORDS flavivirus, ribosomal proteins, tran...

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confidence: 99%

RPLP1 and RPLP2 Are Essential Flavivirus Host Factors That Promote Early Viral Protein Accumulation

Campos

Wong

Xie

et al. 2017

J Virol

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“…These may also occasionally participate in the sylvatic cycle. In East Africa, YFV is maintained in a sylvatic cycle similar to that described in Central Africa, from which it may periodically emerge in intermediate sylvatic/savannah cycles [76,77]. The cycles involve both NHP-mosquito-human and human-mosquito-human transmissions and most often, cause limited outbreaks.…”

Section: In Africamentioning

confidence: 97%

“… the relatively low incidence of yellow fever on the east coast of Africa when compared with central and west Africa [76,175]  the low vector competence of East African and also Asian populations of Ae aegypti [124, 174, 176, 177]  the presence of other flaviviruses, such as dengue virus and viruses in the Japanese encephalitis virus complex which might out-compete YFV or provide an immune background in Asian populations [3,48,63,89,129,174,[178][179][180]]  genetic resistance in Asian populations [2] It seems, from the plethora of factors cited above in the many publications, that the explanation for the absence of YFV in Asia is likely to be multifactorial. The nature of the interactions between YFV and its primary vector, domestic Ae aegypti, is probably the most important individual determinant of this distinctly different geographic distribution when compared with dengue, Zika, and chikungunya virus all of which share the same primary vector.…”

Section: In Asiamentioning

confidence: 99%

What Does the Future Hold for Yellow Fever Virus? (I)

Klitting

Fischer

Drexler

et al. 2018

Preprint

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Abstract:The recent resurgence of yellow fever virus (YFV) activity in the tropical regions of Africa and South America has sparked renewed interest in this infamous arboviral disease. YFV had been a human plague for centuries prior to the identification of its urban transmission vector, the Aedes aegypti mosquito species, and the development of an efficient live-attenuated vaccine, the YF-17D strain. The combination of vector-control measures and vaccination campaigns drastically reduced YFV incidence in humans on many occasions, but the virus never ceased to circulate in the forest, through its sylvatic invertebrate vector(s) and vertebrate host(s). Outbreaks recently reported in Central Africa (2015)(2016) and Brazil (since late 2016), reached considerable proportions in terms of spatial distribution and total numbers of cases, with multiple exports, including to China. In turn, questions regarding the likeliness of occurrence of large urban YFV outbreaks in the Americas or of a successful import of YFV to Asia are currently resurfacing. This two-part review describes the current state of knowledge and gaps regarding the molecular biology and transmission dynamics of YFV, along with an overview of the tools that can be used to manage the disease at the individual, local and global levels.

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“…A recent analysis of the countryby-country geographic risk of yellow fever classified 27 of 32 countries in Africa as having a risk for yellow fever transmission and five countries as having a "low potential" for exposure to yellow fever (8). An estimated 130,000 cases of yellow fever with a fever and jaundice or hemorrhage occurred in Africa in 2013 and an estimated 78,000 people died from the disease (9). In the current yellow fever outbreak in Angola, at least 450 people were infected and 178 died (10).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Yellow fever in China is still an imported disease

Chen

2016

BST

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Yellow Fever in Africa: Estimating the Burden of Disease and Impact of Mass Vaccination from Outbreak and Serological Data

Abstract: Neil Ferguson and colleagues estimate the disease burden of yellow fever in Africa, as well as the impact of mass vaccination campaigns. Please see later in the article for the Editors' Summary

Cited by 268 publications

References 26 publications

RPLP1 and RPLP2 Are Essential Flavivirus Host Factors That Promote Early Viral Protein Accumulation

RPLP1 and RPLP2 Are Essential Flavivirus Host Factors That Promote Early Viral Protein Accumulation

What Does the Future Hold for Yellow Fever Virus? (I)

Yellow fever in China is still an imported disease

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