Yellow fever control in Cameroon: Where are we now and where are we going?

Wiysonge, Charles Shey; Nomo, E; Mawo, Jeanne Ngo-Ndjan; Ofal, James; Mimbouga, Julienne; Ticha, Johnson Muluh; Ndumbe, Peter M.

doi:10.1186/1741-7015-6-3

Cited by 17 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Although the serotype(s) involved in this children is/are not known, all DENV serotypes involved in urban and semi-urban dengue cycle are transmitted by domestic and peri-domestic Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus [20, 38-40]. These Aedes spp circulates steadily in Cameroon since 1984 [1, 41-48]. The seroprevalence of the dengue virus in the hospital centers included in this study was low.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seroprevalence of dengue virus among children presenting with febrile illness in some public health facilities in Cameroon

Tchuandom¹,

Tchouangueu²,

Antonio-Nkondjio³

et al. 2018

Pan Afr Med J

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Introduction A routine diagnosis of Dengue virus (DENV) infection is not usually conducted in hospitals. Because symptoms overlap, many potential febrile illnesses due to DENV may be confused for malaria, typhoid or paratyphoid (enteric) fever. The absence of data on DENV exposure rates among children attending health facilities could undermine management of this disease. This study aimed to investigate the seroprevalence of dengue virus infection in children presenting febrile illness in some public health facilities in Cameroon. Methods A cross-sectional study was performed in children ≤ 15 years attending seven urban and three semi-urban public hospitals of Cameroon. From each volunteer, 2ml of whole blood was collected and tested for dengue virus IgM, malaria (Pf/Pan antigens) and enteric fever (Typhoid IgM) using rapid diagnostic tests (RDT); in order to allow the healthcare workers to quickly put the positive cases under appropriate treatment. Positive cases of dengue virus infection were confirmed by indirect ELISA. Data analysis were performed using the statistical package for social sciences software, version 22.1. Results A total of 961 children were enrolled in the study and 492 (51.2%) were infected with at least one of the three pathogens. Overall, DENV IgM seroprevalence among febrile children was 14.4% (138/961). About 390 (40.6%) and 22 (2.3%) had malaria (Pf/Pan Ag) and enteric fever (Typhoid IgM) respectively. Co-infection with dengue virus was found in 51 (5.3%) participants. The dengue virus IgM seroprevalence was higher in Bankim (19.3%), Ntui (18.3%) and Douala (18.2%). Conclusion Dengue virus infection seroprevalence appears to be low in children presenting with febrile illness in the studied health centres in Cameroon but call for more attention and research to further characterise the circulating strains of the dengue virus.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seroprevalence of dengue virus among children presenting with febrile illness in some public health facilities in Cameroon

Tchuandom¹,

Tchouangueu²,

Antonio-Nkondjio³

et al. 2018

Pan Afr Med J

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“…Yellow fever is an acute viral hemorrhagic disease caused by the yellow fever virus, an arthropod-borne virus (arbovirus) which continues to cause severe morbidity and mortality in Africa despite the availability of an effective vaccine for more than 70 years (Obi, 2016;Tomori, 2002;Wiysonge et al, 2008;Fatiregun et al, 2010). The transmission of yellow fever in Africa is primarily through the bite of infected female Aedes mosquitoes (Ellis and Barrett, 2008;Tomori, 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The response to re-emergence of yellow fever in Nigeria, 2017

Nwachukwu

Yusuff

Nwangwu³

et al. 2020

International Journal of Infectious Diseases

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“…Vaccination campaigns and other control strategies require improved understanding of present vaccination coverage rates that have resulted from cumulative campaigns, within the two risk zones. Spatial estimates of vaccination coverage for yellow fever have been produced previously 2 , 12 but are often restricted to specific age cohorts or countries, with one study 2 estimating population-wide coverage across all at-risk countries in Africa, but not for Latin America. The aims of this study were to generate yellow fever vaccination coverage maps for both Africa and Latin America from 1970 to 2016, and to estimate the additional coverage needed to prevent further outbreaks.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global yellow fever vaccination coverage from 1970 to 2016: an adjusted retrospective analysis

Shearer

Moyes

Pigott

et al. 2017

The Lancet Infectious Diseases

138

124

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SummaryBackgroundSubstantial outbreaks of yellow fever in Angola and Brazil in the past 2 years, combined with global shortages in vaccine stockpiles, highlight a pressing need to assess present control strategies. The aims of this study were to estimate global yellow fever vaccination coverage from 1970 through to 2016 at high spatial resolution and to calculate the number of individuals still requiring vaccination to reach population coverage thresholds for outbreak prevention.MethodsFor this adjusted retrospective analysis, we compiled data from a range of sources (eg, WHO reports and health-service-provider registeries) reporting on yellow fever vaccination activities between May 1, 1939, and Oct 29, 2016. To account for uncertainty in how vaccine campaigns were targeted, we calculated three population coverage values to encompass alternative scenarios. We combined these data with demographic information and tracked vaccination coverage through time to estimate the proportion of the population who had ever received a yellow fever vaccine for each second level administrative division across countries at risk of yellow fever virus transmission from 1970 to 2016.FindingsOverall, substantial increases in vaccine coverage have occurred since 1970, but notable gaps still exist in contemporary coverage within yellow fever risk zones. We estimate that between 393·7 million and 472·9 million people still require vaccination in areas at risk of yellow fever virus transmission to achieve the 80% population coverage threshold recommended by WHO; this represents between 43% and 52% of the population within yellow fever risk zones, compared with between 66% and 76% of the population who would have required vaccination in 1970.InterpretationOur results highlight important gaps in yellow fever vaccination coverage, can contribute to improved quantification of outbreak risk, and help to guide planning of future vaccination efforts and emergency stockpiling.FundingThe Rhodes Trust, Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, the Wellcome Trust, the National Library of Medicine of the National Institutes of Health, the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme.

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Yellow fever control in Cameroon: Where are we now and where are we going?

Cited by 17 publications

References 22 publications

Seroprevalence of dengue virus among children presenting with febrile illness in some public health facilities in Cameroon

Seroprevalence of dengue virus among children presenting with febrile illness in some public health facilities in Cameroon

The response to re-emergence of yellow fever in Nigeria, 2017

Global yellow fever vaccination coverage from 1970 to 2016: an adjusted retrospective analysis

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