Yeasts and yeast-like organisms from North Korea.

Kocková-Kratochvílová, A.; Sláviková, Elena; Sin, Jan Do

doi:10.2323/jgam.35.135

Cited by 12 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Genetic variability as a more realistic explanation for our observed increase in growth rate was considered. In yeast, spontaneous mutations occur at a low frequency, approximately 10 −4 to 10 −8 per gene per generation [79]. As the pH‐auxostat population at the beginning of the first steady state derived from a single cell approximately 38 generations earlier, genetic heterogeneity must have existed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Super life – how and why ‘cell selection’ leads to the fastest‐growing eukaryote

Stouthamer

Westerhoff

2008

The FEBS Journal

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What is the highest possible replication rate for living organisms? The cellular growth rate is controlled by a variety of processes. Therefore, it is unclear which metabolic process or group of processes should be activated to increase growth rate. An organism that is already growing fast may already have optimized through evolution all processes that could be optimized readily, but may be confronted with a more generic limitation. Here we introduce a method called ‘cell selection’ to select for highest growth rate, and show how such a cellular site of ‘growth control’ was identified. By applying pH‐auxostat cultivation to the already fast‐growing yeast Kluyveromyces marxianus for a sufficiently long time, we selected a strain with a 30% increased growth rate; its cell‐cycle time decreased to 52 min, much below that reported to date for any eukaryote. The increase in growth rate was accompanied by a 40% increase in cell surface at a fairly constant cell volume. We show how the increase in growth rate can be explained by a dominant (80%) limitation of growth by the group of membrane processes (a 0.7% increase of specific growth rate to a 1% increase in membrane surface area). Simultaneous activation of membrane processes may be what is required to accelerate growth of the fastest‐growing form of eukaryotic life to growth rates that are even faster, and may be of potential interest for single‐cell protein production in industrial ‘White’ biotechnology processes.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Super life – how and why ‘cell selection’ leads to the fastest‐growing eukaryote

Stouthamer

Westerhoff

2008

The FEBS Journal

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“…2). As the length of an unbudded cell is~6 mm (Kocková- Kratochvilová, 1990) and the generation time of exponentially growing C. albicans is .1 h, this strongly suggests that the observed radial growth rate is largely due to the expansive forces of the growing yeast cell population that push peripheral cells outwards over the agarose surface, especially because the agarose is semi-solid, which reduces friction. This form of colony spreading has also been observed in bacterial mats growing on low-agar plates and has been termed 'sliding motility' (Henrichsen, 1972).…”

Section: Biomat Culturing and Biomat Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 93%

Mass spectrometric quantification of the adaptations in the wall proteome of Candida albicans in response to ambient pH

et al. 2011

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The mucosal layers colonized by the pathogenic fungus Candida albicans differ widely in ambient pH. Because the properties and functions of wall proteins are probably pH dependent, we hypothesized that C. albicans adapts its wall proteome to the external pH. We developed an in vitro system that mimics colonization of mucosal surfaces by growing biomats at pH 7 and 4 on semi-solid agarose containing mucin as the sole nitrogen source. The biomats expanded radially for at least 8 days at a rate of~30 mm h "1. At pH 7, hyphal growth predominated and growth was invasive, whereas at pH 4 only yeast and pseudohyphal cells were present and growth was noninvasive. Both qualitative mass spectrometric analysis of the wall proteome by tandem mass spectrometry and relative quantification of individual wall proteins (pH 7/pH 4), using Fourier transform mass spectrometry (FT-MS) and a reference mixture of 15 N-labelled yeast and hyphal walls, identified similar sets of .20 covalently linked wall proteins. The adhesion proteins Als1 and Als3, Hyr1, the transglucosidase Phr1, the detoxification enzyme Sod5 and the mammalian transglutaminase substrate Hwp1 (immunological detection) were only present at pH 7, whereas at pH 4 the level of the transglucosidase Phr2 was .35-fold higher than at pH 7. Sixteen out of the 22 proteins identified by FT-MS showed a greater than twofold change. These results demonstrate that ambient pH strongly affects the wall proteome of C. albicans, show that our quantitative approach can give detailed insights into the dynamics of the wall proteome, and point to potential vaccine targets.

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“…observ.). The cell surface occupancy of covalently linked CWPs in a yeast cell can be estimated as follows: an unbudded yeast cell of C. albicans has an average cell length of 5.67 mm and a width of 4.06 mm, which corresponds to a volume of c. 49 mm 3 and a surface area of 67 mm 2 (Kocková- Kratochvilová, 1990). Mol, pers.…”

Section: General Properties Of Covalently Linked Cwpsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Only a slow and limited release of wall-bound CWPs into the medium takes place over time, corresponding to about 20% of the initial number of CWPs, probably as a result of some cell wall remodeling in the mother cell during each subsequent cell cycle (Hiller et al, 2007;E. Assuming a cell density of 1.12 g mL À1 and a dry weight content of 34% (Kocková- Kratochvilová, 1990), a volume of 49 mm 3 corresponds to c. 55 pg of wet weight or c. 19 pg of dry weight per cell. observ.).…”

Section: General Properties Of Covalently Linked Cwpsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Restriction of cell wall permeability is due to the close packing of CWPs, the presence of bulky N-linked protein side-chains, and the formation of intermolecular disulfide bridges (Zlotnik et al, 1984;De Nobel et al, 1989, 1990Yin et al, 2007). Restriction of cell wall permeability is due to the close packing of CWPs, the presence of bulky N-linked protein side-chains, and the formation of intermolecular disulfide bridges (Zlotnik et al, 1984;De Nobel et al, 1989, 1990Yin et al, 2007).…”

Section: General Properties Of Covalently Linked Cwpsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Covalently linked cell wall proteins ofCandida albicans and their role in fitness and virulence

Klis

Sosinska

Groot

et al. 2009

FEMS Yeast Research

151

160

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The cell wall of Candida albicans consists of an internal skeletal layer and an external protein coat. This coat has a mosaic-like nature, containing c. 20 different protein species covalently linked to the skeletal layer. Most of them are GPI proteins. Coat proteins vary widely in function. Many of them are involved in the primary interactions between C. albicans and the host and mediate adhesive steps or invasion of host cells. Others are involved in biofilm formation and cell-cell aggregation. They further include iron acquisition proteins, superoxide dismutases, and yapsin-like aspartic proteases. In addition, several covalently linked carbohydrate-active enzymes are present, whose precise functions remain hitherto largely elusive. The expression levels of the genes that encode covalently linked cell wall proteins (CWPs) can vary enormously. They depend on the mode of growth and the combined inputs of several signaling pathways that sense environmental conditions. This is reflected in the unusually long intergenic regions of most of these genes. Finally, the precise location of several covalently linked CWPs is temporally and spatially regulated. We conclude that covalently linked CWPs of C. albicans play a crucial role in fitness and virulence and that their expression is tightly controlled.

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Yeasts and yeast-like organisms from North Korea.

Abstract: In the year 1986, we collected 85 samples of soil, plants and fruits from North Korea. We isolated 30 strains of yeast and yeast-like organisms (11 Ascomycetes, 9 Basidiomycetes, 7 Deuteromycetes and 3 arthroconidial fungi). The following genera were identified:

Cited by 12 publications

References 9 publications

Super life – how and why ‘cell selection’ leads to the fastest‐growing eukaryote

Super life – how and why ‘cell selection’ leads to the fastest‐growing eukaryote

Mass spectrometric quantification of the adaptations in the wall proteome of Candida albicans in response to ambient pH

Covalently linked cell wall proteins ofCandida albicans and their role in fitness and virulence

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