Yeast Proteins Enhance Satiety in Rats

Faipoux, Rodolphe; Tomé, Daniel; Bensaı̈d, Ahmed; Morens, Céline; Oriol, E.; Bonnano, Laurent; Fromentin, Gilles

doi:10.1093/jn/136.9.2350

Cited by 28 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…For instance, specific individual amino acids induce vagal afferent firing or stimulate the release of different GI hormones ex vivo . The in vivo relevance of these findings in the context of GI function control has typically been extrapolated from studies showing that high protein diets delayed gastric emptying to a larger extent than isocaloric control diets in both humans and rats . Controversially, others could not confirm these observations .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

L‐lysine dose dependently delays gastric emptying and increases intestinal fluid volume in humans and rats

Baruffol

Jordi

Camargo

et al. 2014

Neurogastroenterology Motil

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BACKGROUND: Novel sensory inputs for the control of food intake and gastrointestinal (GI) function are of increasing interest due to the rapid increase in nutrition-related diseases. The essential amino acid L-lysine was demonstrated to have a selective impact on food intake, gastric emptying, and intestinal transit in rats, thus indicating a potential novel direct sensory input to assess dietary protein content and quality. The aim of this study was to assess translational aspects of this finding and to investigate the dose-dependent effect of L-lysine on human and rat GI function. METHODS: L-lysine doses from 0-800 mg in rats and 0.5-7.5 g in humans were analyzed for their effect on gastric emptying and GI secretion. Human GI function was assessed non-invasively using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), rat data were acquired using standard lethal measurement methods. L-lysine dose dependently delayed gastric emptying and stimulated GI secretion in rats as reflected by residual phenol red content and increased gastric wet weight. KEY RESULTS: The dose-dependent delay in gastric emptying observed in rats was confirmed in humans with an increase in halftime of gastric emptying of 4 min/g L-lysine, p < 0.01. Moreover, a dose-dependent increase in intestinal fluid accumulation was observed (0.4 mL/min/g L-lysine, p < 0.0001). No effect on alkaline tide, glucose concentration, hematocrit, or visceral sensations was detected. CONCLUSIONS INFERENCES: This translational study demonstrates comparable dosedependent effects of intragastric L-lysine on GI function in humans and rats and suggests a broader role for individual amino acids in the control of GI motility and secretion in vivo. Key Messages Why this paper is importantThe essential amino acid L-lysine was demonstrated to have a selective impact on food intake, gastric emptying, and intestinal transit in rats, thus indicating a potential novel direct sensory input to assess dietary protein content and quality. This work represents an important translational extension of reported findings using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in human subjects and standard lethal measurements in rats. We show that intragastric L-lysine exhibits a comparable dose-dependent effect on GI motility and secretion in humans and rats. We strongly believe that these translational findings further support the broad role of specific amino acids in the control of GI function in vivo. The aim of the research workThe aim of this study was to assess the translational aspects of recent findings in rats demonstrating a selective impact of L-Lysine on gastrointestinal (GI) function and to investigate the dose-dependent effect of L-lysine on human and rat GI function.Basic methodology of study L-lysine doses from 0-800 mg in rats and 0.5-7.5 g in humans were analyzed for their effect on gastric emptying and GI secretion. Human GI function was assessed non-invasively using MRI, rat data were acquired using standard lethal measurement methods. Summarizing key resultsA dose-dependent delay in...

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

L‐lysine dose dependently delays gastric emptying and increases intestinal fluid volume in humans and rats

Baruffol

Jordi

Camargo

et al. 2014

Neurogastroenterology Motil

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“…These differences could modulate the nature of the signals sent to the brain; it has been observed for instance that intragastric protein hydrolysate and sucrose activate different neuronal subpopulations in the nucleus of the tractus solitary in mice (102) . Accordingly, the different nutrients and different meal compositions differently modulate the response to feeding as shown by gastric secretion, gastric and intestinal motility or the induction of satiation and satiety (61,(103)(104)(105)(106) . As a consequence, gut nutrient receptors could be pharmacologically targeted in order to stimulate an optimised GI peptide secretion profile in relation to the control of the feeding pattern.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutrient sensing and signalling by the gut

Rasoamanana¹,

Darcel²,

Fromentin³

et al. 2012

Proc. Nutr. Soc.

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Recent advances highlight that nutrient receptors (such as T1R1/T1R3 heterodimer, Ca sensing receptor and GPR93 for amino acids and protein, GPR40, GPR41, GPR43 and GPR120 for fatty acids, T1R2/T1R3 heterodimer for monosaccharides) are expressed in the apical face of the gut and sense nutrients in the lumen. They transduce signals for the regulation of nutrient transporter expressions in the apical face. Interestingly, they are also localised in enteroendocrine cells (EEC) and mainly exert a direct control on the secretion in the lamina propria of gastro-intestinal peptides such as cholecystokinin, glucagon-like peptide-1 and peptide YY in response to energy nutrient transit and absorption in the gut. This informs central nuclei involved in the control of feeding such as the hypothalamus and nucleus of the solitary tract of the availability of these nutrients and thus triggers adaptive responses to maintain energy homoeostasis. These nutrient receptors then have a prominent position since they manage nutrient absorption and are principally the generator of the first signal of satiation mechanisms mainly transmitted to the brain by vagal afferents. Moreover, tastants are also able to elicit gut peptides secretion via chemosensory receptors expressed in EEC. Targeting these nutrient and tastant receptors in EEC may thus be helpful to promote satiation and so to fight overfeeding and its consequences.Nutrient sensing: Gut-brain interaction: Signalling pathway Studies conducted over the last few decades have greatly improved the understanding of the mechanisms by which the gut senses luminal nutrients and the role of the gutbrain axis in the homeostatic control of energy metabolism in response to fasting or feeding ( Fig. 1 and Table 1). On the basis of very recent advances it has been shown that intestinal luminal nutrients (such as carbohydrate, fat and protein) are sensed by specific 'taste' receptors or transporters located in the membrane of cells in the intestinal epithelium (1)(2)(3) . This sensing of nutrients by enteroendocrine cells (EEC) located in the intestinal epithelium triggers the release of gastro-intestinal (GI) regulatory peptides such as ghrelin, serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine), cholecystokinin (CCK), peptide tyrosine-tyrosine (PYY) and/or glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) as important players involved in the gut-brain connection (4)(5)(6)(7)(8) . These GI peptides can exert their regulatory effects in a paracrine way by acting locally on specific receptors of vagal afferent nerves termination that project in the nucleus of the tractus solitary at the level of the brainstem. They can also exert their regulatory effects in an endocrine fashion after entering the systemic circulation or the lymphatic system and acting on receptors located in the arcuate nucleus at the level of the hypothalamus or in the area postrema at the level of the brainstem, two areas sensitive to blood-borne signals, respectively. Because of rapid break down by proteases, the most important concentration of GI peptides is fou...

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“…Consequently, meal macronutrient composition was considered insignificant for the control of gastric function, but the specificity to individual nutrients was never tested systematically. This concept was recently challenged as high-protein diets were shown to delay gastric emptying in rats and humans (4,5,10,35). Additionally, the source of the protein diets, that is, the specific macronutrient composition caused different gastric emptying rates in rats (10,35).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This concept was recently challenged as high-protein diets were shown to delay gastric emptying in rats and humans (4,5,10,35). Additionally, the source of the protein diets, that is, the specific macronutrient composition caused different gastric emptying rates in rats (10,35). The sensitivity to individual nutrients was recently suggested in rats and humans, where L-arginine and/or L-lysine altered gastric function of liquids and solids (3,23).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%