Yeast cell differentiation: Lessons from pathogenic and non-pathogenic yeasts

Palková, Zdena; Váchová, Libuše

doi:10.1016/j.semcdb.2016.04.006

Cited by 42 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 74 publications

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“…The yeast-to-hyphae transition is believed to be a determinant of C. albicans pathogenesis, and it could be triggered by various environmental cues in vitro , including neutral pH, presence of serum or N -acetyl glucosamine, elevated carbon dioxide concentration and physiological temperature (Mayer et al, 2013; Palková and Váchová, 2016). In addition, the morphological transition from yeast to hyphae is regulated by a complex network of signaling pathway in C. albicans .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial Compounds Produced by Vaginal Lactobacillus crispatus Are Able to Strongly Inhibit Candida albicans Growth, Hyphal Formation and Regulate Virulence-related Gene Expressions

et al. 2017

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The female vaginal environment contains diverse microorganisms, and their interactions play significant roles in health and disease. Lactobacillus species are the predominant vaginal microorganisms in healthy women and relevant as a barrier to defense against pathogens, including Candida albicans. The yeast-to-hyphae transition is believed to be a determinant of C. albicans pathogenesis. In this study, we investigated the effects of vaginal isolates of L. crispatus (seven strains), L. gasseri (six strains), and L. jensenii (five strains) on growth, hyphal formation and virulence-related genes expression of C. albicans ATCC 10231. We found that the L. crispatus showed the most significant antimicrobial activities in microplate-based liquid medium assay (P < 0.05). All seven cell-free supernatants (CFS) from L. crispatus strains reduced the growth of C. albicans by >60%. The effects might be due to their productions of some secretory antimicrobial compounds in addition to H2O2 and organic acids. Furthermore, each of the CFS of Lactobacillus strains was found to significantly suppress the yeast-to-hyphae transition of C. albicans under hyphae-inducing conditions (RPMI 1640 medium supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum). The hyphae inhibition rates of C. albicans treated by CFS from L. crispatus, L. gasseri, and L. jensenii were 88.3 ± 3.02%, 84.9 ± 6.0%, and 81.9 ± 6.2%, respectively. Moreover, the expression of hyphae-specific genes (ALS3, HWP1, ECE1, EAP1, and SAP5) and transcriptional regulatory genes (EFG1, TEC1, and NRG1) were analyzed using quantitative real-time PCR. The results demonstrated that L. crispatus CFS significantly down-regulated the expression of hyphae-specific genes ALS3 (0.140-fold)), HWP1 (0.075-fold), and ECE1 (0.045-fold), while up-regulated the expression of the negative transcriptional regulator gene NRG1 with 1.911-fold. The antimicrobial compounds from L. crispatus B145 against Candida growth were heat stable and protease resistance, but those against hyphal formation were partially sensitive to the same treatments. Our novel findings suggest that L. crispatus, a dominant Lactobacillus species associated with a healthy vagina, could strongly inhibit C. albicans growth and hyphal formation. L. crispatus might repress the expression of hyphae-specific genes (ALS3, HWP1, and ECE1) in a NRG1-dependent manner. Besides, L. crispatus B145 is highly worthwhile for probiotic investigation.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial Compounds Produced by Vaginal Lactobacillus crispatus Are Able to Strongly Inhibit Candida albicans Growth, Hyphal Formation and Regulate Virulence-related Gene Expressions

et al. 2017

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“…Furthermore, Silva and colleagues (2017) reported that efflux pumps are time-specific, and higher expression are observed in 12-h biofilm formation, in comparison to a 48-h mature biofilm formation. A group of cells, called persister cells, may also contribute to biofilm drug resistance (Palkova & Vichova, 2016). In Candida biofilms, persister cells have the capacity to repopulate the biofilm even after they were eliminated by amphotericin B and chlorhexidine (Palkova & Vichova, 2016).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A group of cells, called persister cells, may also contribute to biofilm drug resistance (Palkova & Vichova, 2016). In Candida biofilms, persister cells have the capacity to repopulate the biofilm even after they were eliminated by amphotericin B and chlorhexidine (Palkova & Vichova, 2016). The resistance of these cells can be attributed to the upregulated production of proteins involved in its virulence and stress responses .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In vitro Resistance Pattern of Selected Antifungal Azoles against Candida albicans Biofilms on Silicone Nasogastric Tube

Sumalapao¹,

Salazar²,

Alegre³

et al. 2019

J Pure Appl Microbiol

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Prolonged use of implanted medical devices has been linked with device-associated infections. Since enteral tube feeding is increasing worldwide, the present study described the morphology of Candida albicans biofilms on the surface of silicone nasogastric tube (NGT) using fluorescence microscopy. With the emergence of multidrug-resistant fungal infections, the present study assessed the susceptibility profile of the biofilms to antifungal azoles namely fluconazole, miconazole, voriconazole, and posaconazole using the standard disc diffusion method. Microscopic studies of C. albicans biofilms revealed a complex heterogeneous structure with yeast cells and hyphal elements entrenched within a polysaccharide matrix. Planktonic C. albicans cells remained susceptible with posaconazole, fluconazole, miconazole, and voriconazole. However, the fungal biofilms exhibited resistance with miconazole. There was a significant reduction in the zone of inhibition on the 24-h, 48-h, and 72-h biofilm formation with posaconazole, voriconazole, and fluconazole, respectively. Kinetic investigation on C. albicans biofilm with posaconazole revealed a zero-order kinetic profile (R 2 =0.9774) whereas with voriconazole exhibited a first-order kinetic profile (R 2 =0.9974). These findings can possibly provide information regarding the resistance of fungal biofilms with antifungal azoles. Demonstration of common biofilm features will extend the findings of this study beyond fungi to polymicrobial infections, as new information and insights will influence several disciplines ranging from environmental microbiology to pharmaceutical drug design intended for biofilm-associated infections.

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“…Complex colony development under nutrient limitation includes foraging responses, where the outward 288 expansion of the colony allows the cells to reach fresh nutrient sources (Palková and Váchová, 2016;289 Váchová and Palková, 2018). We previously observed that light cells enable efficient colony expansion, 290 and colonies with only dark cells (Δnth1 trehalase mutants) cannot expand as efficiently as a wild-type 291 colony (Varahan et al, 2019).…”

Section: Dark and Light Cells Exhibit Division Of Labor With Distincmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolite plasticity drives carbon-nitrogen resource budgeting to enable division of labor in a clonal community

Varahan

Sinha

Walvekar

et al. 2020

Preprint

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10Previously, we discovered that in glucose-limited yeast colonies, metabolic constraints drive cells into 11 groups exhibiting gluconeogenic and glycolytic metabolic states. Here, threshold amounts of trehalose -12 a limiting, produced resource, controls the emergence and self-organization of the cells exhibiting the 13 glycolytic state, by acting as a carbon source to fuel these metabolic demands (Varahan et al., 2019). We 14 now discover that the plasticity of use of a non-limiting resource, aspartate, controls both resource 15 production and the emergence of heterogeneous cell states, based on differential cellular metabolic 16 budgeting. In gluconeogenic cells, aspartate provides carbon for trehalose production, while in glycolytic 17 cells using trehalose for carbon, aspartate supplies nitrogen to drive nucleotide synthesis. This metabolic 18 plasticity of aspartate enables carbon-nitrogen budgeting, thereby driving the biochemical self-19 organization of distinct cell states. Through this organization, cells in each state exhibit true division of 20 labor, providing bet-hedging and growth/survival advantages for the whole community. 21 22 discovered that metabolic constraints are sufficient to enable the emergence and maintenance of cells 47 in specialized biochemical states within a clonal yeast community (Varahan et al., 2019). Remarkably, 48 this occurs through a simple, self-organized biochemical system. In yeast growing in low glucose, cells 49 are predominantly gluconeogenic. As the colony matures, groups of cells exhibiting glycolytic 50 metabolism emerge with spatial organization. Strikingly, this occurs through the production (via 51 gluconeogenesis) and accumulation of a limiting metabolic resource, trehalose. As this resource builds 52 up, some cells spontaneously switch to utilizing trehalose for carbon, which then drives a glycolytic 53 state. This also depletes the resource, and therefore a self-organized system of trehalose producers and 54 utilizers establish themselves, enabling structured phenotypic heterogeneity (Varahan et al., 2019). 55This observation raises a deeper question, of how such groups of heterogeneous cells can sustain 56 themselves in this self-organized biochemical system. In particular, is it sufficient to only have the build-57 up of this limiting, controlling resource? How are carbon and nitrogen requirements balanced within the 58 cells in the heterogeneous states? In this study, we uncover how a non-limiting resource with plasticity 59 in function can control the organization of this entire system. We find that the amino acid aspartate, 60 through distinct use of its carbon or nitrogen backbone, enables the emergence and organization of 61 heterogeneous cells. In gluconeogenic cells, aspartate is utilized in order to produce the limiting carbon 62 resource, trehalose, which in turn is utilized by other cells that switch to and stabilize in a glycolytic 63 state. Combining biochemical, computational modeling and analytical approaches, we find that 64 aspartate is diff...

show abstract

Yeast cell differentiation: Lessons from pathogenic and non-pathogenic yeasts

Cited by 42 publications

References 74 publications

Antimicrobial Compounds Produced by Vaginal Lactobacillus crispatus Are Able to Strongly Inhibit Candida albicans Growth, Hyphal Formation and Regulate Virulence-related Gene Expressions

Antimicrobial Compounds Produced by Vaginal Lactobacillus crispatus Are Able to Strongly Inhibit Candida albicans Growth, Hyphal Formation and Regulate Virulence-related Gene Expressions

In vitro Resistance Pattern of Selected Antifungal Azoles against Candida albicans Biofilms on Silicone Nasogastric Tube

Metabolite plasticity drives carbon-nitrogen resource budgeting to enable division of labor in a clonal community

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