Yeast ascospore wall assembly requires two chitin deacetylase isozymes

Christodoulidou, Anna; Briza, Peter; Ellinger, A; Bouriotis, Vassilis

doi:10.1016/s0014-5793(99)01334-4

Cited by 87 publications

(94 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…In addition, electron-dense materials often accumulate around the surface of the SW (Figure 9, E and F, arrowheads). This accumulation has been observed in other SW-defective mutants (Wagner et al 1997;Christodoulidou et al 1999;Tachikawa et al 2001). Last, the immature spores sometimes are very irregular in shape (Figure 9, E and F), perhaps due to the absence of the OSW for stabilization.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 58%

SSP2 and OSW1, Two Sporulation-Specific Genes Involved in Spore Morphogenesis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Agarwal

Roeder

2007

Genetics

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Spore formation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae requires the synthesis of prospore membranes (PSMs) followed by the assembly of spore walls (SWs). We have characterized extensively the phenotypes of mutants in the sporulation-specific genes, SSP2 and OSW1, which are required for spore formation. A striking feature of the osw1 phenotype is asynchrony of spore development, with some spores displaying defects in PSM formation and others spores in the same ascus blocked at various stages in SW development. The Osw1 protein localizes to spindle pole bodies (SPBs) during meiotic nuclear division and subsequently to PSMs/SWs. We propose that Osw1 performs a regulatory function required to coordinate the different stages of spore morphogenesis. In the ssp2 mutant, nuclei are surrounded by PSMs and SWs; however, PSMs and SWs often also encapsulate anucleate bodies both inside and outside of spores. In addition, the SW is not as thick as in wild type. The ssp2 mutant defect is partially suppressed by overproduction of either Spo14 or Sso1, both of which promote the fusion of vesicles at the outer plaque of the SPB early in PSM formation. We propose that Ssp2 plays a role in vesicle fusion during PSM formation.S PORULATION in the budding yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, involves two overlapping processesmeiosis and spore morphogenesis. During meiosis, a diploid cell undergoes a single round of DNA replication, followed by two rounds of chromosome segregation, to generate four haploid nuclei. During spore morphogenesis, the four daughter nuclei are packaged into spores, which are contained within an ascus.Spore morphogenesis (reviewed by Neiman 2005) initiates with enlargement of the outer surface of the spindle pole body (SPB) to form the meiotic outer plaque. As cells undergo meiosis II, vesicles coalesce on the meiotic plaque to form a novel intracellular membrane called the prospore membrane (PSM). The doublelayered PSM extends outward from each SPB to surround the adjacent nucleus. When the leading edges of the PSM meet and become fused, the haploid nucleus is fully encapsulated to form a prospore. PSM closure triggers the final step of spore morphogenesis, spore wall (SW) formation. The SW is assembled between the two membranes of the PSM and consists of four layers. The two inner layers are composed of glucan and mannan, which are components of vegetative cell walls.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 58%

SSP2 and OSW1, Two Sporulation-Specific Genes Involved in Spore Morphogenesis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Agarwal

Roeder

2007

Genetics

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“…Chitosan is known to be a component of the cell wall in the ascospores of A. gossypii (Lickfeld & Schmitz, 2012) and S. cerevisiae (Christodoulidou, Briza, Ellinger, & Bouriotis, 1999; Christodoulidou et al . , 1996).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigating chitin deacetylation and chitosan hydrolysis during vegetative growth in Magnaporthe oryzae

Geoghegan

Gurr

2017

Cellular Microbiology

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SummaryChitin deacetylation results in the formation of chitosan, a polymer of β1,4‐linked glucosamine. Chitosan is known to have important functions in the cell walls of a number of fungal species, but its role during hyphal growth has not yet been investigated. In this study, we have characterized the role of chitin deacetylation during vegetative hyphal growth in the filamentous phytopathogen Magnaporthe oryzae. We found that chitosan localizes to the septa and lateral cell walls of vegetative hyphae and identified 2 chitin deacetylases expressed during vegetative growth—CDA1 and CDA4. Deletion strains and fluorescent protein fusions demonstrated that CDA1 is necessary for chitin deacetylation in the septa and lateral cell walls of mature hyphae in colony interiors, whereas CDA4 deacetylates chitin in the hyphae at colony margins. However, although the Δcda1 strain was more resistant to cell wall hydrolysis, growth and pathogenic development were otherwise unaffected in the deletion strains. The role of chitosan hydrolysis was also investigated. A single gene encoding a putative chitosanase (CSN) was discovered in M. oryzae and found to be expressed during vegetative growth. However, chitosan localization, vegetative growth, and pathogenic development were unaffected in a CSN deletion strain, rendering the role of this enzyme unclear.

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“…The immediate product of Chs3 enzymatic activity is chitin (a b1,4-N-acetylglucosamine polymer), whereas synthesis of chitosan requires both Chs3 and two sporulation-specific deacetylases, Cda1 and Cda2 (Christodoulidou et al 1996(Christodoulidou et al , 1999Mishra et al 1997). These secreted proteins interact with the chitin extruded by Chs3 and remove the acetyl groups to produce chitosan (Christodoulidou et al 1996(Christodoulidou et al , 1999Mishra et al 1997). This conversion is required for proper spore wall assembly.…”

Section: Membrane-cytoskeletal Interactionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This conversion is required for proper spore wall assembly. In cda1D cda2D mutants, Chs3 is active but the spore wall lacks chitosan and contains only chitin, which does not form a distinct layer on the outside of the b-glucan, and hence the dityrosine layer never forms (Christodoulidou et al 1996(Christodoulidou et al , 1999.…”

Section: Membrane-cytoskeletal Interactionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sporulation in the Budding Yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae

2011

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In response to nitrogen starvation in the presence of a poor carbon source, diploid cells of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae undergo meiosis and package the haploid nuclei produced in meiosis into spores. The formation of spores requires an unusual cell division event in which daughter cells are formed within the cytoplasm of the mother cell. This process involves the de novo generation of two different cellular structures: novel membrane compartments within the cell cytoplasm that give rise to the spore plasma membrane and an extensive spore wall that protects the spore from environmental insults. This article summarizes what is known about the molecular mechanisms controlling spore assembly with particular attention to how constitutive cellular functions are modified to create novel behaviors during this developmental process. Key regulatory points on the sporulation pathway are also discussed as well as the possible role of sporulation in the natural ecology of S. cerevisiae. TABLE OF CONTENTS Abstract 737Introduction 738

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Yeast ascospore wall assembly requires two chitin deacetylase isozymes

Cited by 87 publications

References 20 publications

SSP2 and OSW1, Two Sporulation-Specific Genes Involved in Spore Morphogenesis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

SSP2 and OSW1, Two Sporulation-Specific Genes Involved in Spore Morphogenesis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Investigating chitin deacetylation and chitosan hydrolysis during vegetative growth in Magnaporthe oryzae

Sporulation in the Budding Yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae

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