Yearlong physical activity and sarcopenia in older adults: the Nakanojo Study

Park, Hyuntae; Park, Sung Jin; Shephard, Roy J.; Aoyagi, Yukitoshi

doi:10.1007/s00421-010-1424-8

Cited by 134 publications

(133 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…In the last decade, there have been a limited number of studies that examined the relationship between accelerometer-(or pedometer-) determined daily ambulatory activity and skeletal muscle size. In those studies, the data were collected from middle-aged and older populations (50 -84 years old), with daily activities greater than 3 METs considered to be important for muscular adaptation 49,50) . Studies using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), which estimates the lean tissue mass of the entire lower limb, however, produced mixed results as to the efficacy of daily ambulatory activity on muscle hypertrophy.…”

Section: Muscle Hypertrophy With Endurance Trainingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physiological stimuli necessary for muscle hypertrophy

Ozaki

Abe

Mikesky

et al. 2015

JPFSM

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This paper reviews the existing literature about muscle hypertrophy resulting from various types of training to document the significance of mechanical and metabolic stresses, and to challenge the conventional ideas of achieving hypertrophy that exclusively rely on highload resistance training. Low-load resistance training can induce comparable hypertrophy to that of high-load resistance training when each bout or set is performed until lifting failure. This is attributable to the greater exercise volume and metabolic stress achieved with low-load exercise at lifting failure, which, however, results in a prolonged exercise bout. Endurance exercises (walking and cycling) at moderate intensity are also capable of eliciting muscle hypertrophy, but at much slower rates (months rather than weeks) in limited muscle or age groups. Blood flow restriction (BFR) in working muscles, however, accelerates the development of metabolic fatigue, alleviating the time consuming issue associated with low-load or endurance training. These alternative training methods, however, cannot completely replace conventional high-load resistance training, which provides superior strength gain as well as performance improvement even for trained individuals. The alternative approaches, therefore, may be considered for those who are less enthusiastic or under certain medical conditions, or who have limited or no access to proper equipment. However, people should be aware that low-load resistance training or endurance training entails substantial effort and/or discomfort at lifting failure or with BFR. Understanding the advantages and disadvantages of each method will help in assigning the most suitable training program for each client's goals and needs.

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Section: Muscle Hypertrophy With Endurance Trainingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physiological stimuli necessary for muscle hypertrophy

Ozaki

Abe

Mikesky

et al. 2015

JPFSM

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“…Exercise and fitness activities including team sports make up a greater proportion of total moderate or vigorous physical activity time in young adults, whereas domestic activities make up a greater proportion of total moderate/vigorous physical activity time in older adults (Belanger et al 2011). These daily physical activities include sports that are highly dependent upon age-related changes in skeletal muscle mass (Park et al 2010;Abe et al 2012b). A limited number of studies have reported that the electromyogram activity patterns during daily activities differed between muscle groups located in the anterior and posterior aspects of the limbs (Sawai et al 2006;Shiraiwa et al 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of site-specific thigh sarcopenia in Japanese men and women

Abe

Thiebaud

Loenneke

et al. 2013

AGE

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The purpose of this study was to compare the prevalence of severe sarcopenia detected by total skeletal muscle mass (SM) index and of site-specific thigh sarcopenia for differing age groups in men and women. Japanese nonobese men and women aged 20 to 85 (n=1,994, 55 % women) had muscle thickness (MTH) measured by ultrasound at six sites on the anterior and posterior aspects of the body. SM was estimated from ultrasound-derived prediction equations. Site-specific thigh sarcopenia was calculated using ultrasoundmeasured MTH at the anterior and posterior aspects of the thigh (MTH ratio, anterior 50 %/posterior 50 % thigh MTH (A50/P50 MTH)). Sarcopenia was defined as a SM index (SM divided by height 2 ) of >2 standard deviations (SD) below the mean for young adults. Sitespecific thigh sarcopenia was defined as a ratio of A50/P50 MTH of >2 SD below the mean for young adults. Age was inversely correlated to SM index and A50/P50 MTH in men (r=−0.480 and r=−0.522) and women (r=−0.243 and r=−0.516). The prevalence rate of sarcopenia was less than 3 % for women under the age of 60, 7 % for ages 60-69, and 24 % for ages 70-80. In men, the prevalence rate of sarcopenia was less than 7 % under the age of 50, 18 % for ages 50-59, 33 % for ages 60-69, and 47 % for ages 70-85. Compared to the sarcopenia estimated by SM index, there was a higher prevalence of site-specific thigh sarcopenia observed in both sexes. These results suggest that site-specific thigh sarcopenia appears before it is able to be detected at the whole body level.

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“…Levels of physical activity were classified by a semi-structured interview that contained questions about the type, frequency, duration and intensity of physical activity during the six months prior to the study. These conflicting results may be due to the limitation of the instruments used to measure habitual physical activity, as questionnaires are difficult to apply in this population, as short and long term memory are limited, and cognitive loss is also common (Park et al, 2010;Shephard, 2003). Moreover, it emphasizes that different types of questionnaires may have distinct cut-off points to categorize a subject as active or not, when compared to other questionnaires, and this fact can also influence the results.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The literature contains few studies that have analyzed the relationship between physical activity practice and lean body mass (Buonani et al, 2013;Park, Park, Shephard, & Aoyagi, 2010), and in addition, there are a lack of studies that have investigated these aspects in menopausal women using accurate instruments to measure physical activity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Practice of moderate physical activity can attenuate the loss of lean body mass in menopausal women

Diniz¹,

Christófaro²,

Santos³

et al. 2015

Motricidade

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The aim of this study was to analyze the relationship between physical activity (PA) and total body (BLM), leg (LLM) and arm lean mass (ALM) in menopausal women. Sixty two 62 menopausal women were included (61.2±7.6 years). Their practice of PA was assessed by Actigraph GT3X accelerometer, and is reported as minutes per week of light or moderate-vigorous PA, and total PA. The sample was dichotomized into two groups according to their weekly practice of PA moderate-vigorous; physically active (≥150 minutes) and insufficiently active (<150 minutes). Body composition measures were assessed by DXA and were reported as percentages. Comparisons between the groups of PA and total and segmental lean body mass were performed by independent t test. Association between the tertile of BLM and the groups of PA were performed by chi-square test. Physically active women showed significantly higher mean values for BLM (52.8±5.4 vs 49.8±4.7; p=0.028) and LLM (17.1±2.2 vs 15.9±1.8; p=0.026), whereas the difference in the ALM was not significant. When the BLM was categorized into tertiles, it was significantly greater in physically active women (higher tertile=44.7%), compared with the insufficiently active women (higher tertile=16.7%). Menopausal women who spent more minutes engaged in moderate-vigorous PA can showed higher BLM and LLM.Keywords: menopause, women, motor activity, accelerometry, skeletal muscle, health. RESUMOO objetivo do presente estudo foi analisar a relação da atividade física (AF) e massa corporal magra total (BLM), de pernas (LLM) e braços (ALM) em mulheres na menopausa. Participaram do estudo 62 mulheres (61.2±7.6 anos). A pratica habitual de AF foi avaliada através do acelerômetro marca Actigraph GT3X e foi expressa em minutos por semana de AF leve e moderada-vigorosa, e AF total. A amostra foi dicotomizada em dois grupos de acordo com a prática semanal de AF moderada-vigorosa; grupo fisicamente ativo (≥150 minutos) e insuficientemente ativo (<150 minutos). A medidas de composição corporal foram estimadas utilizando o DEXA e foi reportada como percentual. A comparação entre os grupos de AF e a massa corporal magra total e segmentar foram realizadas pelo test t independente. A associação entre os tercis de BLM e os grupos de AF foi realizado pelo Qui-quadrado. O grupo fisicamente ativo apresentou maiores valores médios para BML (52.8±5.4 vs 49.8±4.7; p=0.028) e LLM (17.1±2.2 vs 15.9±1.8; p=0.026), enquanto que a diferença para ALM não foi estatisticamente diferente. Quando o BLM foi categorizado em tercis, 44.7% das mulheres fisicamente ativas se encontravam no tercil superior, enquanto que apenas 16.7% das insuficientemente ativas se encontravam nesse tercil. Mulheres na menopausa que despende maior tempo tempo em AF moderada-vigorosa podem apresentar maiores valores de massa corporal magra total e segmentar.

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Yearlong physical activity and sarcopenia in older adults: the Nakanojo Study

Cited by 134 publications

References 32 publications

Physiological stimuli necessary for muscle hypertrophy

Physiological stimuli necessary for muscle hypertrophy

Prevalence of site-specific thigh sarcopenia in Japanese men and women

Practice of moderate physical activity can attenuate the loss of lean body mass in menopausal women

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