YAP independently regulates cell size and population growth dynamics via non-cell autonomous mediators

Abstract

The Hippo pathway, in which changes at the cell surface and in the extracellular environment control the activity of a downstream transcription factor, known as YAP in mammalian cells and Yorkie in Drosophila, has recently taken center-stage as perhaps the most important pathway in metazoans for controlling organ size. In intact tissues YAP activity is inhibited and the organ does not overgrow. When the organ is damaged, YAP is active and necessary for growth and regeneration to occur. The exact process by which YAP drives organ and tissue growth is not fully understood, although it is known to affect both cell size and cell number. Since cell size and proliferation are highly interdependent in many cultured cell studies, we investigated the role of YAP in the simultaneous regulation of both cell size and number. Our experiments reveal that YAP controls both cell size and cell proliferation by independent circuits, and that it affects each process non-cell autonomously via extracellular mediators. We identify that CYR61, a known secreted YAP target, is the major regulator of the non-cell autonomous increase in cell number, but does not affect cell size. The molecular identity of the non-cell autonomously acting mediator of cell size is yet to be identified.

Loss of ANCO1 repression at AIB1/YAP targets drives breast cancer progression

“…The increase in sphere size promoted by ANCO1 loss may be attributed to an increase in individual cell size of shANCO1 cells (Fig EV4D and E). YAP has been previously implicated in increasing cell size through MTOR signaling [, preprint: ], and we observed increased MTOR signaling from AIB1 and ANCO1 knockdown in our model system (Fig EV4F). Interestingly, the S100A proteins that are regulated by the ANCO1/AIB1/YAP complex have previously been implicated in upregulation of MTOR signaling .…”

YAP vs. TAZ: differences in expression revealed through rigorous validation of target-specific monoclonal antibodies

“…Under growth-promoting conditions, YAP and TAZ have been reported to translocate from the cytoplasm to the nucleus where they interact with TEA-domain containing (TEAD) transcription factors to regulate the transcription of genes, many of which govern cell proliferation and apoptosis [24][25][26][27]. As such, YAP and TAZ have been strongly implicated in tissue growth, repair, and regeneration [28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36], and their dysregulation has been associated with tumor development in a variety of tissue types [22,25,37].…”