Although the Turkism movement is defined as one of the elements that could save the state during the collapse of the Ottoman Empire, the historical and political roots of the concept should be seen as the process of a nation holding on to itself. Turkism, which has been criticized for being worldly and discriminatory against Islamism, has been the subject of these criticisms for a long time, and has often not had the opportunity to express itself clearly among these discussions. In this study, the critical approaches of Turkists against Islamists have been tried to be explained as a whole, through a literature review, through Ahmet Ağaoğlu, Ziya Gökalp and Nihal Atsız. During the phase of the study, a literature review was conducted and opposing views were examined with a comparative method. Key Words: Turkism, Islamism, Ziya Gökalp, Ahmet Ağaoğlu, Nihal Atsız, nation