Y. enterocolitica and Y. pseudotuberculosis

Carniel, Élisabeth; Autenrieth, Ingo; Cornelis, Guy R.; Fukushima, Hiroshi; Guinet, Françoise; Isberg, Ralph R.; Pham, Jeannette N.; Prentice, Michael B.; Simonet, Michel; Skurnik, Mikael; Wauters, Georges

doi:10.1007/0-387-30746-x_13

Cited by 31 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 840 publications

(976 reference statements)

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“…However, bacteremia can develop from high infectious oral doses, or in immunocompromised animals or those with hemochromatosis (serum iron overload) (Carniel et al, 2006). Therefore, because many rodents harbor a permanent ectoparasitic flea fauna that feed on them daily, Y. pseudotuberculosis occasionally would be ingested by fleas feeding on a bacteremic host.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, rare stochastic transmission events from flea to rodent would be predicted. Since the LD 50 of Y. pseudotuberculosis to mice is <10 bacteria when injected intravenously (Carniel et al, 2006), bacteria transmitted directly into the vasculature by fleas could cause a disease analogous to primary septicemic plague, with the potential for subsequent cycling of bacteria back into naive fleas. This sporadic incidence and long, stuttering transmission chains, while probably insufficient to sustain an enzootic cycle, nevertheless increase the probability of further pathogen evolution and disease emergence (Antia et al, 2003; Arinaminpathy and McLean, 2009).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Retracing the Evolutionary Path that Led to Flea-Borne Transmission of Yersinia pestis

Sun

Jarrett

Bosio

et al. 2014

Cell Host & Microbe

118

149

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Summary Yersinia pestis is an arthropod-borne bacterial pathogen that evolved recently from Yersinia pseudotuberculosis, an enteric pathogen transmitted via the fecal-oral route. This radical ecological transition can be attributed to a few discrete genetic changes from a still-extant recent ancestor, thus providing a tractable case study in pathogen evolution and emergence. Here, we determined the precise genetic and mechanistic basis of the evolutionary adaptation of Y. pestis to flea-borne transmission. Remarkably, only four minor changes in the bacterial progenitor, representing one gene gain and three gene losses, enabled transmission by flea vectors. All three loss-of-function mutations enhanced c-di-GMP-mediated bacterial biofilm formation in the flea foregut that greatly increased transmissibility. Our results suggest a step-wise evolutionary model in which Y. pestis emerged as a flea-borne clone, with each genetic change incrementally reinforcing the transmission cycle. The model conforms well to the ecological theory of adaptive radiation.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Retracing the Evolutionary Path that Led to Flea-Borne Transmission of Yersinia pestis

Sun

Jarrett

Bosio

et al. 2014

Cell Host & Microbe

118

149

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…2006). Yersiniosis caused by Y. pseudotuberculosis is often acquired through the ingestion of contaminated food, but zoonotic transmission is possible, and outbreaks have been reported in Finland, Russia and Japan (Nakano et al .…”

Section: Biology Of the Genus Yersiniamentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetics and evolution of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis O-specific polysaccharides: a novel pattern of O-antigen diversity

Kenyon

Cunneen

Reeves

2017

FEMS Microbiology Reviews

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O-antigen polysaccharide is a major immunogenic feature of the lipopolysaccharide of Gram-negative bacteria, and most species produce a large variety of forms that differ substantially from one another. There are 18 known O-antigen forms in the Yersinia pseudotuberculosis complex, which are typical in being composed of multiple copies of a short oligosaccharide called an O unit. The O-antigen gene clusters are located between the hemH and gsk genes, and are atypical as 15 of them are closely related, each having one of five downstream gene modules for alternative main-chain synthesis, and one of seven upstream modules for alternative side-branch sugar synthesis. As a result, many of the genes are in more than one gene cluster. The gene order in each module is such that, in general, the earlier a gene product functions in O-unit synthesis, the closer the gene is to the 5΄ end for side-branch modules or the 3΄ end for main-chain modules. We propose a model whereby natural selection could generate the observed pattern in gene order, a pattern that has also been observed in other species.

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“…Among these plasmids, the pYV-encoded type III secretion system (Yops) promotes cytotoxicity and the common symptoms of plague [8]. The pYV of all three species are of the same size and genetically highly conserved [8, 10–12]. It encodes the ability to target lymph tissues during infection and has genetic determinants essential for infection and overcoming host defense mechanisms [8, 10–12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The pYV of all three species are of the same size and genetically highly conserved [8, 10–12]. It encodes the ability to target lymph tissues during infection and has genetic determinants essential for infection and overcoming host defense mechanisms [8, 10–12]. In the three species, carriage of pYV is responsible for the calcium-dependent growth phenotype at 37°C.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Virulence Plasmid (pYV)-Associated Expression of Phenotypic Virulent Determinants in PathogenicYersiniaSpecies: A Convenient Method for Monitoring the Presence of pYV under Culture Conditions and Its Application for Isolation/Detection ofYersinia pestisin Food

Bhaduri

Smith

2011

Journal of Pathogens

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In Yersinia pestis, Y. pseudotuberculosis, and Y. enterocolitica, phenotypic expression of virulence plasmid (pYV: 70-kb)-associated genetic determinants may include low-calcium response (Lcr, pinpoint colony, size = 0.36 mm), colony morphology (size = 1.13 mm), crystal violet (CV) binding (dark-violet colony), Congo Red (CR) uptake (red pinpoint colony, size = 0.36 mm), autoagglutination (AA = cells agglutinate), and hydrophobicity (HP = clumping of cells). Y. pseudotuberculosis is chromosomally closely related to Y. pestis; whereas, Y. enterocolitica is chromosomally more distantly related to Y. pestis and Y. pseudotuberculosis. All three species demonstrate Lcr, CV binding, and CR uptake. The colony morphology/size, AA, and HP characteristics are expressed in both Y. pseudotuberculosis and Y. enterocolitica but not in Y. pestis. Congo red uptake in Y. pestis was demonstrated only on calcium-deficient CR magnesium oxalate tryptic soy agar (CR-MOX), whereas this phenotype was expressed on both CR-MOX and low-calcium agarose media in Y. pseudotuberculosis and Y. enterocolitica. These phenotypes were detectable at 37°C within 24 h in Y. enterocolitica and Y. pseudotuberculosis but did not appear until 48 h in Y. pestis due to its slower growth rate at 37°C. The pYV is unstable (i.e., easily lost under a variety of culture conditions) in all three species but is more unstable in Y. pestis. The specific CR uptake by Y. pestis in CR-MOX and the delayed time interval to express Lcr and CR uptake provide a means to differentiate Y. pestis from Y. enterocolitica and Y. pseudotuberculosis. These differences in pYV expression in Y. pestis can be used for its isolation and detection in food.

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Y. enterocolitica and Y. pseudotuberculosis

Cited by 31 publications

References 840 publications

Retracing the Evolutionary Path that Led to Flea-Borne Transmission of Yersinia pestis

Retracing the Evolutionary Path that Led to Flea-Borne Transmission of Yersinia pestis

Genetics and evolution of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis O-specific polysaccharides: a novel pattern of O-antigen diversity

Virulence Plasmid (pYV)-Associated Expression of Phenotypic Virulent Determinants in PathogenicYersiniaSpecies: A Convenient Method for Monitoring the Presence of pYV under Culture Conditions and Its Application for Isolation/Detection ofYersinia pestisin Food

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