Y chromosomal evidence on the origin of northern Thai people

Abstract

The Khon Mueang represent the major group of people present in today's northern Thailand. While linguistic and genetic data seem to support a shared ancestry between Khon Mueang and other Tai-Kadai speaking people, the possibility of an admixed origin with contribution from local Mon-Khmer population could not be ruled out. Previous studies conducted on northern Thai people did not provide a definitive answer and, in addition, have largely overlooked the distribution of paternal lineages in the area. In this work we aim to provide a comprehensive analysis of Y paternal lineages in northern Thailand and to explicitly model the origin of the Khon Mueang population. We obtained and analysed new Y chromosomal haplogroup data from more than 500 northern Thai individuals including Khon Mueang, Mon-Khmer and Tai-Kadai. We also explicitly simulated different demographic scenarios, developed to explain the Khon Mueang origin, employing an ABC simulation framework on both mitochondrial and Y microsatellites data. Our results highlighted a similar haplogroup composition of Khon Mueang and Tai-Kadai populations in northern Thailand, with shared high frequencies of haplogroups O-PK4, O-M117 and O-M111. Our ABC simulations also favoured a model in which the ancestors of modern Khon Mueang originated recently after a split from the other Tai-Kadai populations. Our different analyses concluded that the ancestors of Khon Mueang are likely to have originated from the same source of the other Tai-Kadai groups in southern China, with subsequent admixture events involving native Mon-Khmer speakers restricted to some specific populations.

Unique Genetic Structure of Y-chromosomal Lineage of the Moken from the Andaman Sea of Thailand

“…The Moken are a group of sea nomads living in the Andaman Sea area who speak a local language, which is classified as an AN-language family. The results show that there are nine haplotypes, with high haplotype diversity (0.9455 ± 0.066), which is close to other Southeast Asian people from previous studies (Trejaut et al, 2014;Brunelli et al, 2017;RahayuKarmilla et al, 2018). The AmpFℓSTR Yfiler PCR Amplification Kit have been used to analyze the Ychromosome in various populations (Grskovic et al, 2010;Santana et al, 2014).…”

“…The haplotype diversity of the Moken was close to the values from various comparative populations (Trejaut et al, 2014;Brunelli et al, 2017;RahayuKarmilla et al; (Figure 2).…”

“…Gene diversity (GD) of the 17 Y-chromosomal STR loci and haplotype diversity (h) (Nei, 1987), were calculated using the ARLEQUIN software package v. 3.5.2.2 (Bern, Switzerland) (Excoffier and Lischer, 2010). We also compared haplotype diversity between the Moken and other MSEA and ISEA populations, according to four language families: Austronesian (AN), Austroasiatic (AA), Tai-Kadai (TK), and Sino-Tibetan (ST) from previous studies (Trejaut et al, 2014;Brunelli et al, 2017;RahayuKarmilla et al, 2018).…”

Evidence for Host-Bacterial Co-evolution via Genome Sequence Analysis of 480 Thai Mycobacterium tuberculosis Lineage 1 Isolates

“…Its mean pairwise SNV distance (MPSD) in this study was 645.6 (range 0–965), while that of the globally reported L1 isolates was 730 2 , indicating high heterogeneity of L1 in Chiangrai. This finding might be related to the knowledge that Chiangrai is an ancient settlement originally with Austroasiatic language-speaking people and subsequently replaced by people who speak the Tai-Kadai language family 28 , 29 . It was historically controlled by several tribal kingdoms that resided now in Thailand, Myanmar and Lao.…”

Errors Associated with Aggregating Asian American Ethnic Groups in Diabetes Research, Education, and Clinical Practice

“…Genetic research has also shown the unique genetic characteristics of Han Chinese (80 genome copy number variation regions) [40], Japanese (as Hondo, Ryuku, and Ainu) [41], northern Thai [42], and Tibetans [43].…”