Y-Balance Test Asymmetry and Frontal Plane Knee Projection Angle During Single-leg squat as Predictors of Patellofemoral Pain in Male Military Recruits

Nakagawa, Theresa Helissa; Santos, Ademir dos; Lessi, Giovanna Camparis; Petersen, Rafael de Souza; Silva, Rodrigo Scattone

doi:10.1016/j.ptsp.2020.05.011

Cited by 24 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…In addition, we found a strong correlation between improvements in PFP levels on a VAS scale and a more symmetrical weight distribution in the semisquat position. These results are consistent with previous studies indicating that patients with PFP experience greater asymmetries during the single-leg squat [40] and functional activities such as ascending or descending stairs [41]. However, the causal relationship between improvements in asymmetry levels and the perceived PFP level is still to be clearly determined.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Effects of a Targeted Exercise Program on Inter-Leg Asymmetries in Patients with Patellofemoral Pain

et al. 2021

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Patellofemoral pain (PFP) is often associated with impaired muscle strength, flexibility, and stability. It has been suggested that inter-leg asymmetries have an important role in increasing the risk of musculoskeletal injuries, including PFP. Thus, the aim of this study was to identify significant asymmetries and determine the effects of a symmetry targeted exercise program in patients with PFP. Eighteen patients aged 13 to 54 years (24.17 ± 12.52 years) with PFP participated in this study. Strength, flexibility and stability outcomes of the trunk, hip, knee and ankle muscles were assessed. A single-group pretest–posttest design was used to assess changes in inter-leg and agonist–antagonist asymmetries resulting from the 8-week period of the supervised exercise program. Results indicated a significant improvement in inter-leg symmetry regarding bilateral stance in a semi-squat position (p = 0.020, d = 0.61, df = 17) and ankle plantarflexion (p = 0.003, d = 0.32, df = 17) and ankle dorsiflexion strength (p < 0.001, d = 0.46, df = 17). In addition, the ratio of ankle dorsiflexion/plantarflexion (p = 0.036, d = 1.14, df = 17) and hip extension/flexion (p = 0.031, d = 0.94, df = 16) changed significantly during the intervention period. To our knowledge, this was the first study to evaluate inter-leg asymmetries resulting from a period of a supervised exercise program. The results indicate that an exercise program focusing on individual asymmetries may influence specific deficits and contribute to better rehabilitation outcomes.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Effects of a Targeted Exercise Program on Inter-Leg Asymmetries in Patients with Patellofemoral Pain

et al. 2021

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“…40 Significantly, the mean side-to-side difference in the posterolateral reach of the Y-balance test was <4 cm in the current series; of note, previous studies have demonstrated that asymmetry of the posterolateral reach was a risk factor for patellofemoral problems and that posterolateral reach had a positive correlation with hip abduction strength. 2,30…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Internal Fixation of Lateral Trochlear Groove Osteochondritis Dissecans With Simultaneous Lateral Retinacular Lengthening in Adolescent Athletes

Lee

Cho

et al. 2021

Am J Sports Med

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Background: The goals of operative treatment for the adolescent athlete with unstable osteochondritis dissecans (OCD) lesion are rigid fixation and prevention of recurrence. Purpose: To evaluate clinical and radiological outcomes of internal fixation of lateral trochlear groove OCD with simultaneous lateral retinacular lengthening. Study Design: Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: Adolescent athletes who had undergone internal fixation and simultaneous lateral retinacular lengthening for an unstable OCD lesion of the lateral trochlear groove were retrospectively reviewed. Subjective assessments included the Lysholm score, International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) subjective score, Tegner activity scale, and an athletic questionnaire. Functional tests included isokinetic muscle strength, single-leg hop for distance, single-leg vertical jump, and Y-balance. Pre- and postoperative radiographs and magnetic resonance images were reviewed. Results: The mean ± SD age of the 17 patients included in this study was 15.9 ± 0.9 years; last clinical follow-up duration was 37.7 ± 8.1 months. At the last follow-up, the Lysholm score improved from 68.7 ± 15.3 to 93.4 ± 12.4 and the IKDC subjective score from 60.2 ± 14.7 to 88.7 ± 12.7 ( P < .001). The mean Tegner activity scale score was 9.4 ± 0.5 before injury and 8.9 ± 1.2 at the last follow-up ( P = .059). The limb symmetry indices of isokinetic muscle strength, single-leg hop for distance, single-leg vertical jump, and Y-balance improved at the last follow-up; the mean limb symmetry index was ≥85% in each functional test. Regarding the athletic questionnaire, 16 (94.1%) patients were satisfied with the surgery. At the last follow-up, 2 patients had higher ability after returning to sports, 11 had the same ability, and 3 had lower ability than the preinjury level. Postoperative magnetic resonance imaging at 12-month follow-up showed that the OCD lesion appeared healed in 7 (41.2%) patients and partially healed in 9 (52.9%). Conclusion: Internal fixation of lateral trochlear groove OCD with simultaneous lateral retinacular lengthening in adolescent athletes achieved satisfactory clinical and radiological outcomes. Therefore, this combined surgical technique could be considered an effective treatment for lateral trochlear groove OCD, with a high rate of return to sport.

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“…Roy et al [ 33 ] found that those female soldiers with poorer single leg balance ability as measured by the Y balance composite score were more prone to injury than those with better balance scores. In a similar manner, deficits in the Y balance assessment have been shown to be associated with patellofemoral pain in male military recruits [ 73 ], and in a multitude of sporting contexts [ 74 , 75 ]. Its value in injury prediction for female soldiers warrants further investigation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk factors for injuries in female soldiers: a systematic review

Schram

Canetti

Orr

et al. 2022

BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil

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Background Female soldiers form an integral part of any modern defence force. Previous reports have highlighted that female soldiers report injuries at higher rates than male personnel. One possible reason for this is an actual difference in underlying injury rates, purported to be due to several factors, including levels of fitness. The aim of this review was to determine risk factors for injuries in female soldiers. Methods A systematic search was conducted for studies which reported on risk factors for injuries in female soldiers. Databases searched included PUBMED, CINAHL and Medline through OVID. Eligible studies were rated for their methodological quality using the Critical Appraisal Skills Program (CASP) tools and data were extracted and synthesized using a critical narrative approach. Results A total of 18 articles were included in this review which reported on 18 risk factors for injury. Smoking, previous injury, no history of deployment, heavy occupational tasks, lower levels of aerobic fitness and lower number of push-up repetitions appear to be risk factors for injuries in female soldiers. Age, height, body fat, high or low BMI and body mass do not appear to be consistent risk factors for injury in female soldiers and there appears to be minimal evidence for current levels of activity, sit-up ability, and other assessments of strength, power, speed, or movement being associated with injury risk. Additionally, neither flexibility nor previous levels of activity appear to be associated with injury risk in female soldiers. Conclusion Strategies to improve aerobic fitness and upper limb endurance, reduce smoking, and optimise rehabilitation from injuries and risk management for heavy occupational tasks need to be developed for female soldiers. Such strategies are also likely to reduce risks for male soldiers.

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Y-Balance Test Asymmetry and Frontal Plane Knee Projection Angle During Single-leg squat as Predictors of Patellofemoral Pain in Male Military Recruits

Cited by 24 publications

References 28 publications

Effects of a Targeted Exercise Program on Inter-Leg Asymmetries in Patients with Patellofemoral Pain

Effects of a Targeted Exercise Program on Inter-Leg Asymmetries in Patients with Patellofemoral Pain

Internal Fixation of Lateral Trochlear Groove Osteochondritis Dissecans With Simultaneous Lateral Retinacular Lengthening in Adolescent Athletes

Risk factors for injuries in female soldiers: a systematic review

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