Xyloglucan endo-transglycosylase/hydrolase (XET/H) gene is expressed during the seed germination in Podophyllum hexandrum: a high altitude Himalayan plant

Abstract

Xyloglucan endo-transglycosylase/hydrolase ( Ph XET/H) regulates Podophyllum seed germination via GA mediated up-accumulation of Ph XET protein and subsequent endosperm weakening. Xyloglucan endo-transglycosylase/hydrolase (XET/H) belong to glycosyl hydrolase family 16, which play an important role in endosperm weakening and embryonic expansion during seed germination. Podophyllum hexandrum is a high altitude medicinal plant exploited for its etoposides which are potential anticancer compounds. During seed germination in Podophyllum, accumulation of XET/H transcripts was recorded. This data confirmed its possible role in determining the fate of seed for germination. Full length cDNA of a membrane bound XET/H (here onwards PhXET) was cloned from the germinating seeds of Podophyllum. Analysis of nucleotide sequence revealed PhXET with an open reading frame of 720 bp encoding a protein of 239 amino acids with a molecular mass of 28 kDa and pI of 7.58. In silico structure prediction of PhXET showed homology with that of Populus tremula (1UN1). PhXET was predicted to have a potential GPI-anchor domain and was located in plasma membrane. It was found that the exogenously applied phytohormones (GA and ABA) regulate the expression of PhXET. The obtained data showed that the PhXET regulates seed germination in Podophyllum by supplementing its activity along with other endosperm weakening and embryo expansion genes.

A comprehensive genome variation map of melon identifies multiple domestication events and loci influencing agronomic traits

“…8d). Furthermore, five xyloglucan endo-transglycosylase genes involved in plant growth 36,37 were located in a divergence region (~2.15-2.28 Mb) of chromosome 5. This dataset constitutes a relevant resource for the exploitation of genes conferring genetic differentiation between melo and agrestis.…”

Analysis of Codon Usage Bias in Xyloglucan Endotransglycosylase (XET) Genes

“…Xyloglucan endotransglucosylase/hydrolase (XTH) is a key xyloglucan modifying enzyme belonging to the glycoside hydrolase 16 (GH16) family, which catalyzes the cleavage and polymerization of xyloglucan molecules to modify the celluline–xyloglucan complex structure of seed germination [ 17 , 18 ], and cell walls [ 19 ] and elongation [ 20 , 21 ]. XTHs, which are directly involved in the initial assembly and subsequent restructuring of primary cell walls [ 22 , 23 ], exhibit two diverse catalytic activities: xyloglucan endohydrolase (XEH) and xyloglucan endotransglycosylase (XET) [ 24 ].…”

Effect of UV‐B radiation on growth, flavonoid and podophyllotoxin accumulation, and related gene expression in Sinopodophyllum hexandrum

“…β‐1,3‐glucanase is a cell wall hydrolase that participates in growth and development (Leubner‐Metzger et al ., 1995). ShXET , in cooperation with Shβ‐1,3‐glucanase , exhibits hydrolase function under adverse environmental conditions (Dogra & Sreenivasulu, 2015; Dogra et al ., 2016).…”