Xylogenesis in Trees: From Cambial Cell Division to Cell Death

Funada, Ryo; Yamagishi, Yusuke; Begum, Shahanara; Kudo, Kayo; Nabeshima, Eri; Nugroho, Widyanto Dwi; Rahman, Hasnat; Oribe, Yuichiro; Nakaba, Satoshi

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-802185-9.00002-4

Cited by 28 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…The cambial rhythm of P. sylvestris thus does not change when growing in contrasting environmental conditions, whereas in P. halepensis cambial rhythm followed weather conditions. The co-existence of different tree species may be reflected in different phenological appearances and different strategies in adapting the rhythm of cambial activity to local environmental conditions (Aljaro et al, 1972; Funada et al, 2016). Waisel and Fahn (1965) already postulated that in well-adapted plants, the annual rhythm of cambial activity usually coincides with the climatic rhythm, which is conservative and may serve as one of the best indicators of the geographical origin of species.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Annual Cambial Rhythm in Pinus halepensis and Pinus sylvestris as Indicator for Climate Adaptation

et al. 2016

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To understand better the adaptation strategies of intra-annual radial growth in Pinus halepensis and Pinus sylvestris to local environmental conditions, we examined the seasonal rhythm of cambial activity and cell differentiation at tissue and cellular levels. Two contrasting sites differing in temperature and amount of precipitation were selected for each species, one typical for their growth and the other represented border climatic conditions, where the two species coexisted. Mature P. halepensis trees from Mediterranean (Spain) and sub-Mediterranean (Slovenia) sites, and P. sylvestris from sub-Mediterranean (Slovenia) and temperate (Slovenia) sites were selected. Repeated sampling was performed throughout the year and samples were prepared for examination with light and transmission electron microscopes. We hypothesized that cambial rhythm in trees growing at the sub-Mediterranean site where the two species co-exist will be similar as at typical sites for their growth. Cambium in P. halepensis at the Mediterranean site was active throughout the year and was never truly dormant, whereas at the sub-Mediterranean site it appeared to be dormant during the winter months. In contrast, cambium in P. sylvestris was clearly dormant at both sub-Mediterranean and temperate sites, although the dormant period seemed to be significantly longer at the temperate site. Thus, the hypothesis was only partly confirmed. Different cambial and cell differentiation rhythms of the two species at the site where both species co-exist and typical sites for their growth indicate their high but different adaptation strategies in terms of adjustment of radial growth to environmental heterogeneity, crucial for long-term tree performance and survival.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Annual Cambial Rhythm in Pinus halepensis and Pinus sylvestris as Indicator for Climate Adaptation

et al. 2016

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“…Wood is used as raw material for timber, furniture, pulp and paper, chemicals and fuel 1 , 2 . On global scale, the biological process of wood formation is important for mitigation of climate change via carbon sequestration.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Winter-spring temperature pattern is closely related to the onset of cambial reactivation in stems of the evergreen conifer Chamaecyparis pisifera

Rahman

Kudo

Yamagishi

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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Temperature is an important factor for the cambial growth in temperate trees. We investigated the way daily temperatures patterns (maximum, average and minimum) from late winter to early spring affected the timing of cambial reactivation and xylem differentiation in stems of the conifer Chamaecyparis pisifera. When the daily temperatures started to increase earlier from late winter to early spring, cambial reactivation occurred earlier. Cambium became active when it achieves the desired accumulated temperature above the threshold (cambial reactivation index; CRI) of 13 °C in 11 days in 2013 whereas 18 days in 2014. This difference in duration required for achieving accumulated temperature can be explained with the variations in the daily temperature patterns in 2013 and 2014. Our formula for calculation of CRI predicted the cambial reactivation in 2015. A hypothetical increase of 1-4 °C to the actual daily maximum temperatures of 2013 and 2014 shifted the timing of cambial reactivation and had different effects on cambial reactivation in the two consecutive years because of variations in the actual daily temperatures patterns. Thus, the specific annual pattern of accumulation of temperature from late winter to early spring is a critical factor in determining the timing of cambial reactivation in trees. Wood is used as raw material for timber, furniture, pulp and paper, chemicals and fuel 1,2. On global scale, the biological process of wood formation is important for mitigation of climate change via carbon sequestration. Cambium is the meristematic tissue in trees that is responsible for production of xylem and phloem and thus for radial growth of trees 3. Cambium in trees from temperate environments undergoes alternating annual cycles/ periods of dormancy and activity, controlled by internal and environmental factors 4-8. The timing of cambial reactivation from late winter to early spring influences both the quantity and the quality of wood. Earlier reactivation of cambium might potentially increase the duration of cambial activity in Picea mariana 9,10 and resulted in wider xylem increments in Picea mariana 10,11 and in Populus sieboldii × P. grandidentata 12. In addition, the duration of the growing season depends on the cessation of cambial activity 10. Environmental temperature is closely associated with the radial growth of trees 10,13-22 which is the result of the active growth of cambium during annual vegetation periods. The active period of cambium continues from a few weeks to several months, according to species and, local climates and growth conditions in trees 23-26. Moreover,

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“…However, when the resin collection is determined, the wood cell development process needs to be considered. The development of the wood cells passes through the following processes: cell division in the cambium, cell expansion or elongation, cell wall thickening, cell wall sculpturing, lignification [29]. When wounds are made, the mature wood cells remain intact but the cambial cells, and the cells involved in cell expansion/elongation, cell wall thickening, and lignification, can be easily removed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reconstruction of Resin Collection History of Pine Forests in Korea from Tree-Ring Dating

et al. 2020

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Resin is one of the traditional non-timber forest products in the Republic of Korea. In order to investigate the chronological activity of resin collection, the wounds/cuts on red pines (Pinus densiflora) were dated using a tree-ring analysis technique. Additionally, the size of the trees in the resin collection years and the present conditions of the trees were investigated to verify the tree conditions and the size of wounds. Eighty-eight red pines distributed over nine sites in the Republic of Korea were selected to extract increment cores and investigate the wound size. Through the tree-ring analysis, the trees with big wounds (24.7 × 104.7 cm) made via panel hacksaw method were dated in the range 1938–1952, whereas small wounds (40.2 × 20.9 cm) made via the conventional chisel method were dated between 1956 and 1973. Moreover, the red pines thicker than 20.0 cm were the ones that were used for resin collection. Furthermore, the wounds created by the conventional chisel were healed with time, whereas the ones formed via the panel hacksaw method still required long times for healing. The large wounds had the advantage of supplying a large amount of resin, but this was temporary. On the other hand, the smaller wounds formed via the traditional chisel method could generate resin for a longer time and heal faster.

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Xylogenesis in Trees: From Cambial Cell Division to Cell Death

Cited by 28 publications

References 63 publications

Annual Cambial Rhythm in Pinus halepensis and Pinus sylvestris as Indicator for Climate Adaptation

Annual Cambial Rhythm in Pinus halepensis and Pinus sylvestris as Indicator for Climate Adaptation

Winter-spring temperature pattern is closely related to the onset of cambial reactivation in stems of the evergreen conifer Chamaecyparis pisifera

Reconstruction of Resin Collection History of Pine Forests in Korea from Tree-Ring Dating

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