Xylella fastidiosa subspecies: X. fastidiosa subsp piercei, subsp. nov., X. fastidiosa subsp. multiplex subsp. nov., and X. fastidiosa subsp. pauca subsp. nov.

Schaad, N. W.; Postnikova, Elena; Lacy, George H.; Fatmi, M.; Chang, C. J.

doi:10.1078/0723-2020-00263

Cited by 217 publications

(71 citation statements)

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“…The 9a5c bacterial strain of X. fastidiosa subspecies pauca [29] was used in this study. Bacterial cells were inoculated into the Citrus sinensis plant to maintain their pathogenicity state and avoid attenuation due to successive passages in the axenic medium.…”

Section: Bacteria Strain and Growth Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of conditioning film formation and surface chemical changes on Xylella fastidiosa adhesion and biofilm evolution

Lorite

Rodrigues

Souza

et al. 2011

Journal of Colloid and Interface Science

166

102

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Biofilms are complex microbial communities with important biological functions including enhanced resistance against external factors like antimicrobial agents. The formation of a biofilm is known to be strongly dependent on substrate properties including hydrophobicity/hydrophilicity, structure, and roughness. The adsorption of (macro)molecules on the substrate, also known as conditioning film, changes the physicochemical properties of the surface and affects the bacterial adhesion. In this study, we investigate the physicochemical changes caused by Periwinkle wilt (PW) culture medium conditioning film formation on different surfaces (glass and silicon) and their effect on X. fastidiosa biofilm formation. Contact angle measurements have shown that the film formation decreases the surface hydrophilicity degree of both glass and silicon after few hours. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) images show the glass surface roughness is drastically reduced with conditioning film formation. First-layer X. fastidiosa biofilm on glass was observed in the AFM liquid cell after a period of time similar to that determined for the hydrophilicity changes. In addition, attenuation total reflection-Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy supports the AFM observation, since the PW absorption spectra increases with time showing a stronger contribution from the phosphate groups. Although hydrophobic and rough surfaces are commonly considered to increase bacteria cell attachment, our results suggest that these properties are not as important as the surface functional groups resulting from PW conditioning film formation for X. fastidiosa adhesion and biofilm development.

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Section: Bacteria Strain and Growth Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of conditioning film formation and surface chemical changes on Xylella fastidiosa adhesion and biofilm evolution

Lorite

Rodrigues

Souza

et al. 2011

Journal of Colloid and Interface Science

166

102

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“…It is transmitted among plant hosts by xylem feeding insects, typically leafhoppers [1]. X. fastidiosa is divided into five subspecies each of which has a characteristic and largely non-overlapping host range [2]–[4]. Among these plant hosts are several economically important plants, most notably grapevine, whose infection by X. f. subsp.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Complex Biogeography of the Plant Pathogen Xylella fastidiosa: Genetic Evidence of Introductions and Subspecific Introgression in Central America

et al. 2014

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The bacterium Xylella fastidiosa is a plant pathogen with a history of economically damaging introductions of subspecies to regions where its other subspecies are native. Genetic evidence is presented demonstrating the introduction of two new taxa into Central America and their introgression into the native subspecies, X. fastidiosa subsp. fastidiosa. The data are from 10 genetic outliers detected by multilocus sequence typing (MLST) of isolates from Costa Rica. Six (five from oleander, one from coffee) defined a new sequence type (ST53) that carried alleles at six of the eight loci sequenced (five of the seven MLST loci) diagnostic of the South American subspecies Xylella fastidiosa subsp. pauca which causes two economically damaging plant diseases, citrus variegated chlorosis and coffee leaf scorch. The two remaining loci of ST53 carried alleles from what appears to be a new South American form of X. fastidiosa. Four isolates, classified as X. fastidiosa subsp. fastidiosa, showed a low level of introgression of non-native DNA. One grapevine isolate showed introgression of an allele from X. fastidiosa subsp. pauca while the other three (from citrus and coffee) showed introgression of an allele with similar ancestry to the alleles of unknown origin in ST53. The presence of X. fastidiosa subsp. pauca in Central America is troubling given its disease potential, and establishes another route for the introduction of this economically damaging subspecies into the US or elsewhere, a threat potentially compounded by the presence of a previously unknown form of X. fastidiosa.

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“…X. fastidiosa has been divided into four subspecies, three of which are found in the United States (26,27). These groups are genetically distinct, with values of DNA-DNA hybridization between them of less than 70% (27), sequence differences of 2% or more at synonymous sites (26), and distinct 16S rRNA gene and 16S-23S rRNA gene spacer sequences (28,29). These differences reflect estimated divergence times of more than 15,000 years (21,26).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…fastidiosa infects xylem vessels of a wide range of plant host species in the Americas (24,25). X. fastidiosa has been divided into four subspecies, three of which are found in the United States (26,27). These groups are genetically distinct, with values of DNA-DNA hybridization between them of less than 70% (27), sequence differences of 2% or more at synonymous sites (26), and distinct 16S rRNA gene and 16S-23S rRNA gene spacer sequences (28,29).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Large-Scale Intersubspecific Recombination in the Plant-Pathogenic Bacterium Xylella fastidiosa Is Associated with the Host Shift to Mulberry

Nunney

Schuenzel²,

Scally³

et al. 2014

Appl Environ Microbiol

109

106

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cHomologous recombination plays an important role in the structuring of genetic variation of many bacteria; however, its importance in adaptive evolution is not well established. We investigated the association of intersubspecific homologous recombination (IHR) with the shift to a novel host (mulberry) by the plant-pathogenic bacterium Xylella fastidiosa. Mulberry leaf scorch was identified about 25 years ago in native red mulberry in the eastern United States and has spread to introduced white mulberry in California. Comparing a sequence of 8 genes (4,706 bp) from 21 mulberry-type isolates to published data (352 isolates representing all subspecies), we confirmed previous indications that the mulberry isolates define a group distinct from the 4 subspecies, and we propose naming the taxon X. fastidiosa subsp. morus. The ancestry of its gene sequences was mixed, with 4 derived from X. fastidiosa subsp. fastidiosa (introduced from Central America), 3 from X. fastidiosa subsp. multiplex (considered native to the United States), and 1 chimeric, demonstrating that this group originated by large-scale IHR. The very low withintype genetic variation (0.08% site polymorphism), plus the apparent inability of native X. fastidiosa subsp. multiplex to infect mulberry, suggests that this host shift was achieved after strong selection acted on genetic variants created by IHR. Sequence data indicate that a single ancestral IHR event gave rise not only to X. fastidiosa subsp. morus but also to the X. fastidiosa subsp. multiplex recombinant group which infects several hosts but is the only type naturally infecting blueberry, thus implicating this IHR in the invasion of at least two novel native hosts, mulberry and blueberry.

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Xylella fastidiosa subspecies: X. fastidiosa subsp piercei, subsp. nov., X. fastidiosa subsp. multiplex subsp. nov., and X. fastidiosa subsp. pauca subsp. nov.

Cited by 217 publications

References 0 publications

The role of conditioning film formation and surface chemical changes on Xylella fastidiosa adhesion and biofilm evolution

The role of conditioning film formation and surface chemical changes on Xylella fastidiosa adhesion and biofilm evolution

The Complex Biogeography of the Plant Pathogen Xylella fastidiosa: Genetic Evidence of Introductions and Subspecific Introgression in Central America

Large-Scale Intersubspecific Recombination in the Plant-Pathogenic Bacterium Xylella fastidiosa Is Associated with the Host Shift to Mulberry

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