Xylella fastidiosa subspecies: X. fastidiosa subsp piercei, subsp. nov., X. fastidiosa subsp. multiplex subsp. nov., and X. fastidiosa subsp. pauca subsp. nov.

Schaad, N. W.; Postnikova, Elena; Lacy, George H.; Fatmi, M.; Chang, C. J.

doi:10.1078/0723202042369848

Cited by 118 publications

(139 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…They injected each plant 20 times with a 10 8 to 10 9 CFU mL -1 suspension, by using a large gauge (22 g) needle attached to a syringe, whereas we inoculated test plants with only 5 μL of cell suspensions in a single point of the stem. Sands et al (1988) and Schaad et al (2004) have suggested that natural methods of inoculation and relatively low inoculum concentrations (10 3 to 10 5 CFU mL -1 ) should be used in reciprocal-inoculation studies of broad host pathogens such as Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae and X. fastidiosa, in order to avoid reactions on non-hosts that may be misinterpreted as a true pathogenic response.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Host colonization differences between citrus and coffee isolates of Xylella fastidiosa in reciprocal inoculation

Prado

Lopes²,

Demétrio³

et al. 2008

Sci. agric. (Piracicaba, Braz.)

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Citrus variegated chlorosis (CVC) and coffee stem atrophy (CSA) are important diseases in Brazil associated with closely-related strains of Xylella fastidiosa, but little is know about host overlapping and importance of citrus and coffee as inoculum sources of these strains. In this study, reciprocal-inoculation experiments were performed to determine if CVC and CSA isolates are biologically similar within citrus and coffee plants. These two hosts were mechanically inoculated with a CVC and a CSA isolate of X. fastidiosa at four concentrations ranging between10 3 and 10 9 colony forming units CFU mL -1 . At two, four and eight months after inoculation, the infection efficiency and bacterial populations of the isolates in each host were determined by culturing. The CVC isolate infected both citrus and coffee plants, but developed lower populations in coffee. The CSA isolate did not colonize citrus. Inoculation of coffee plants with the CVC isolate resulted in low rates of infection and required an inoculum concentration ten-fold higher than that necessary to obtain a similar (25%) rate of infection in citrus. The relatively low infection rates and bacterial numbers of the CVC isolate in coffee plants compared with those observed in citrus suggest that coffee is not a suitable host to serve as a source of inoculum of the CVC strain for primary spread to citrus or within coffee plantations. Key words: citrus variegated chlorosis, coffee leaf scorch, inoculum concentration, bacterial population, epidemiology DIFERENÇAS EM COLONIZAÇÃO DO HOSPEDEIRO POR ISOLADOS DE Xylella fastidiosa DE CITROS E CAFEEIRO EM INOCULAÇÕES RECÍPROCASRESUMO: Clorose variegada dos citros (CVC) e atrofia dos ramos do cafeeiro (ARC) são doenças importantes no Brasil, associadas a estirpes de Xylella fastidiosa que são geneticamente próximas. Entretanto, pouco se sabe a respeito de plantas hospedeiras em comum e da importância de citros e cafeeiro como fontes de inóculo dessas estirpes. Neste estudo, realizaram-se experimentos de inoculação recíproca para determinar se isolados de X. fastidiosa de CVC e de ARC são biologicamente semelhantes em plantas de citros e café. Estes dois hospedeiros foram mecanicamente inoculados com um isolado de CVC e um isolado de ARC, em quatro concentrações que variaram de 10 3 a 10 9 unidades formadoras de colônias UFC mL -1 . Aos dois, quatro e oito meses após a inoculação, a eficiência de infecção e a população bacteriana dos isolados em cada hospedeiro foram determinadas por cultura. O isolado de CVC infectou tanto plantas de citros quanto de café, mas desenvolveu populações mais baixas em cafeeiro. O isolado de ARC não colonizou citros. A inoculação de plantas de café com o isolado de CVC resultou em baixas taxas de infecção e exigiu uma concentração de inóculo dez vezes mais alta que a necessária para obter uma taxa de infecção semelhante (25%) em citros. A reduzida taxa de infecção e a baixa população bacteriana do isolado de CVC em cafeeiro em relação a citros sugerem que cafeeiro não é um hospe...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Host colonization differences between citrus and coffee isolates of Xylella fastidiosa in reciprocal inoculation

Prado

Lopes²,

Demétrio³

et al. 2008

Sci. agric. (Piracicaba, Braz.)

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“…8.1). X. fastidiosa is currently subdivided into four subspecies, largely based on DNA-DNA hybridization and multi-locus sequence typing data (Scally et al 2005;Schaad et al 2004). Although these groupings are phylogenetically robust, they can be further subdivided into groups with well-supported genetic and biological distinctions (i.e., different host ranges) (e.g., Almeida and Purcell 2003b;Almeida et al 2008;Nunney et al 2010Nunney et al , 2013.…”

Section: Taxonomymentioning

confidence: 99%

Genomic Insights into Xylella fastidiosa Interactions with Plant and Insect Hosts

Retchless

Labroussaa

Shapiro

et al. 2014

Genomics of Plant-Associated Bacteria

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“…This disease is caused by Xylella fastidiosa (Hartung et al ., 1994) or X. fastidiosa subsp. pauca (Schaad et al ., 2004) and 18 years after its description, it is known to infect about 43% of the estimated 200 million trees grown in the states of São Paulo and Minas Gerais, Brazil (www.fundecitrus.com.br). The rapid spread of CVC through orchards and the damage that it causes have resulted in an economic loss of about US$150 m per year for the growers and juice industry in the state of São Paulo, which is the main citrus-growing region in Brazil (Amaro et al ., 1998).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of resistance to Xylella fastidiosa within a hybrid population of Pera sweet orange × Murcott tangor

Coletta-Filho¹,

Pereira

Souza

et al. 2007

Plant Pathology

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Resistance to Xylella fastidiosa was evaluated within a population of 20 interspecific hybrids of Pera sweet orange and Murcott tangor under greenhouse conditions. Efficiency of inoculation, multiplication of bacteria within the plants, xylem vessel morphology, and symptom expression were analysed. The rate of infection ranged from 40 to 100% (average 70%) for all genotypes analysed. Xylella fastidiosa populations ranged from log 0·59 to log 2·13 cells mg − 1 tissue for the resistant hybrids. These values were significantly different ( P = 0·05) from those obtained for the tolerant (no symptoms but bacteria recovered) or susceptible (symptoms and bacteria recovered) hybrids (log 3·02 to log 4·06 cells mg − 1 ). Xylella fastidiosa was recovered from all hybrids (log 2·31 to 5·03 CFU mg − 1 tissue) except the resistant ones. The first foliar symptoms appeared at least 90 days post-inoculation, the time varying according to genotype. No correlation between xylem vessel morphology and disease expression was observed, indicating that the resistance was the result of a genetic response of the host. According to this hypothesis, a high broad-based heritability index for resistance was obtained (0·96) at 210 days from X. fastidiosa inoculations, using bacterial quantification by real-time PCR, which indicated that the influence of the number of bacteria was the result of genetic rather than environmental variations.

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Xylella fastidiosa subspecies: X. fastidiosa subsp piercei, subsp. nov., X. fastidiosa subsp. multiplex subsp. nov., and X. fastidiosa subsp. pauca subsp. nov.

Cited by 118 publications

References 56 publications

Host colonization differences between citrus and coffee isolates of Xylella fastidiosa in reciprocal inoculation

Host colonization differences between citrus and coffee isolates of Xylella fastidiosa in reciprocal inoculation

Genomic Insights into Xylella fastidiosa Interactions with Plant and Insect Hosts

Analysis of resistance to Xylella fastidiosa within a hybrid population of Pera sweet orange × Murcott tangor

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